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Nutritional and Dietary Supplementation during Pregnancy
Published in “Bert” Bertis Britt Little, Drugs and Pregnancy, 2022
Kaolin and pectin are combined with opium and belladonna (Amogel-PG, Donnagel-PG, Donnapectolin-PG, Quiagel-PG) and with paregoric (kapectolin with paregoric, parepectolin). The addition of belladonna and opioid agents results in decreased gastrointestinal mobility. Use of opioids in pregnant women may pose a risk of birth defects if used chronically in the first trimester (see Chapter 8). Only 36 women were exposed during early pregnancy were included in the Collaborative Perinatal Project database; no evidence of a significant increase in the frequency of congenital anomalies was found in this small sample (Heinonen et al., 1977). Almost 100 women were exposed to paregoric in early pregnancy with no significant increase in frequency of congenital anomalies (Aselton et al., 1985). However, the possibility exists of addiction and subsequent neonatal abstinence syndrome in neonates whose mothers use opioid agents chronically.
Consolation
Published in Robert S. Holzman, Anesthesia and the Classics, 2022
Paregoric, a camphorated tincture of opium, is used to decrease stomach and intestinal movement, employed mainly as an antidiarrheal in children. Paregoric belongs to a class of drugs known as opioid analgesics, like morphine and opium.
The Role of Antimotility and Antisecretory Agents in the Management of Short Bowel Syndrome
Published in John K. DiBaise, Carol Rees Parrish, Jon S. Thompson, Short Bowel Syndrome Practical Approach to Management, 2017
Mandy L. Corrigan, Donald F. Kirby
From a historical perspective, morphine sulfate has been utilized for its antidiarrheal side effects, but use in the SBS population has diminished over time due to the potential for abuse and other available options. The use of paregoric has also faded due to potential for medication dosing errors; however, clinicians should remain aware of the problematic nature with its use. Contemporary use of codeine, tincture of opium, and morphine sulfate may also be problematic from the payor perspective; their use often requires an appeal for insurance coverage.
Compound glycyrrhiza oral solution alleviates oxidative stress and inflammation by regulating SRC/MAPK pathway in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Published in Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology, 2022
Xiaolin Xu, Mulan Huang, Xiaofeng Duan, Hongyu Liu, Wei Zhang, Dan Li
Glycyrrhiza is an ancient genus of herbs commonly used in Chinese traditional medicine, and its extracts have been found to exert anti-inflammatory functions in different morbid tissues from a variety of diseases, including acute lung injuries and allergic airway inflammation [8]. In addition, glycyrrhiza extracts were reported to have a repressive impact on oxidative stress [9]. Likewise, an herbal combinational medication of glycyrrhiza glabra, Agastache rugosa containing glycyrrhizic acid, and Tilianin has been observed to suppress neutrophilic lung inflammation in COPD mice [10]. Furthermore, it has been documented that glycyrrhizin reduces p38 phosphorylation to improve the prognosis of inflammatory disease [11]. Human proto-oncogene SRC (SRC), one of the non-receptor tyrosine kinases, functions in signal transduction regulation through variable cell surface receptors and orchestrates cell proliferation, invasion, survival, and differentiation via PI3K, MAPK, STAT3, FAK pathways [12]. As previously reported, SRC inhibition suppressed the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MARK) pathway to attenuate inflammatory reactions in the paraventricular nucleus [13]. In addition, the SRC/MAPK pathway has been researched about its vital influence on COPD progression [14]. Therefore, these findings have suggested that glycyrrhiza might control oxidative stress and inflammation in COPD via the SRC/MAPK pathway. Of note, the composition of Compound Glycyrrhiza Oral Solution (CGOS) consists of extractum glycyrrhiza liquidum, glycerinum, antimony potassium tartrate, concentrated ammonia solution, paregoric, and ethanol, among which glycyrrhizin is the major composition of extractum glycyrrhiza liquidum.