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B Vitamins
Published in Luke R. Bucci, Nutrition Applied to Injury Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, 2020
Supplemental oral pantothenate to rabbits that increased urinary excretion to 10 times normal (equivalent to 1000 to 2000 mg for humans) was studied for effects on wound healing.593–596 A “remarkable increase” in wound strength (150 to 200%) was found, with significantly more fibroblasts in wound tissue. It was noted that, in humans, it takes at least 7 d to significantly increase serum levels at pantothenate intakes of 100 mg/d. Additional pantothenate to cultures of human fibroblasts exhibited significantly increased growth rate (up to 170%), increased collagen synthesis (150 to 220%), increased protein synthesis (150%), and increased cellular protein (up to 160%).602,603
Micronutrient Supplementation and Ergogenesis — Vitamins
Published in Luke Bucci, Nutrients as Ergogenic Aids for Sports and Exercise, 2020
Supplementation with mixtures of B-complex vitamins has yielded ambiguous results on human physical performance. Early reports found no significant effects on exhaustive exercise,198,201,204,229 but vitamin B12 was not part of the complexes, and vitamin B6 was present in only one study. A recent report with double-blind experimental design did not find a change in treadmill endurance capacity after 6 weeks with supplementation.1 However, one early study reported an improvement of efficiency in tasks involving physical effort and coordination after niacin, riboflavin, thiamine, and vitamin C supplementation.196 Another report utilizing a double-blind design found a significant reduction of fatigue in high school males running in a hot environment.230 This study utilized higher daily doses of thiamine (100 g) and pantothenate (30 mg) than any other study, as illustrated in Table 2.
Personalization of Nutrition Advice
Published in David Heber, Zhaoping Li, Primary Care Nutrition, 2017
Pantothenic acid is also called pantothenate or vitamin B5. Pantothenic acid is required to synthesize coenzyme A (CoA), which is intrinsic to the synthesis of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats (Robishaw and Neely 1985). The structure of pantothenic acid is made up of an amide linkage between pantoic acid and alanine. Its name derives from a Greek root meaning “from everywhere,” since small quantities of pantothenic acid are found in nearly every food, with high amounts in avocado, whole grains, legumes, eggs, and meats. It commonly occurs in its alcohol form, pantothenol, and as calcium pantothenate. Pantothenic acid is used as an ingredient in some hair and skin care products, since it is reputed with no proof to prevent graying of the hair. It was discovered in 1933 by Dr. Roger Williams.
Concurrent PANK2 and OCA2 variants in a patient with retinal dystrophy, hypopigmented irides and neurodegeneration
Published in Ophthalmic Genetics, 2023
Eva Wai Nam Wong, Shirley S.W. Cheng, Tiffany T.Y. Woo, Robert F. Lam, Frank H.P. Lai
We identified two concurrent homozygous missense variants: PANK2 {NM_153638.3}:c.655 G>A (p.(Gly219Ser)) and OCA2{NM_025160.6}:c.1327 G>A(p.(Val443Ile)). The PANK2 (6,7) and OCA2 (8,9) variants had been reported in literature/HGMD for multiple times as disease causing and pathogenic for panthotenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration phenotype and oculocutaneous albinism type 2 phenotype, respectively. Parental segregation was performed and revealed that both parents are heterozygous carriers of OCA2 and PANK2 variants. The two variants are at extremely low frequency in gnomAD (2.1) (EAS <0.04%). By ACMG guideline, they were classified as pathogenic [PS1, PM2, PM3, PP3, PP4] (10). The molecular diagnoses of pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (OMIM#234200) and albinism, oculocutaneous, type II (OMIM#203200) were substantiated.
A review about the role of additives in nerve tissue engineering: growth factors, vitamins, and drugs
Published in Growth Factors, 2023
Mehrsa Nasiri, Javad Esmaeili, Amir Tebyani, Hojat Basati
B5 (pantothenic acid or pantothenate) can be embedded in nerve scaffolds because it improves physiochemical properties. Alike thiamine, B5 is a portion of an essential coenzyme A, which can provide energy metabolism and allow carbohydrates, fats, and proteins to be burned for helping mitochondria. In vitro tests reported that the release mechanism of the drug release behaviour could be diffusion, polymer erosion, or a combination of diffusion and polymer erosion. The test shows that the initial burst release and later stable and sustained release behaviour of vitamins in this study was caused by the location of vitamins in fibres. The sustained release behaviour of vitamin B5 from loaded nanofibers was implying its possible use for nerve tissue engineering (Bhutto et al. 2016).
Efficacy of B-vitamins and vitamin D therapy in improving depressive and anxiety disorders: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials
Published in Nutritional Neuroscience, 2023
Jaqueline G. Borges-Vieira, Camila K. Souza Cardoso
Despite the scarce report in the literature on toxicity caused by B vitamins, attention is required in supplementing these compounds, including monitoring biomarkers concentrations, and following updated recommendations for daily intake. Among the adverse effects documented are diarrhea and yellow-colored urine (vitamin B2); skin flushing (vitamin B3); sensory neuropathy (vitamin B6); diarrhea (B5 in calcium D-pantothenate form) [109]. Vitamin B12 is related to acne development through modulation of the skin microbiota transcriptome in susceptible individuals [110], and anaphylactic reactions after intramuscular administration were documented [111,112]. However, the relationship between long-term folic acid and vitamin B12 supplementation and increased cancer risk is under investigation [113,114], and the role of unmetabolized folic acid in this outcome is studied [115]. The current DRI [83] for thiamine is 1.2 mg per day for men and 1.1 mg per day for women, the upper level (UL) undetermined. For vitamin B6, 1.1 mg/day for both sexes and UL of 100 mg/day. The DRI for folate is 400 mcg/day for both sexes, and UL of 1,000 mcg/day. Furthermore, for vitamin B12, the DRI is 2.4 mcg/day for both sexes, and the UL is indeterminate.