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Antineoplastic Drugs during Pregnancy
Published in “Bert” Bertis Britt Little, Drugs and Pregnancy, 2022
Paclitaxel (Taxol) is a taxoid, extracted from the bark of the Pacific yew tree, acts as an antimicrotubule agent through prevention depolymerization, thus, halting mitosis. Paclitaxel is approved to treat ovarian and breast cancers, and is used to treat endometrial and non-small-cell lung cancer. No studies of paclitaxel in pregnant women have been published.
Chemotherapy in pregnancy
Published in Hung N. Winn, Frank A. Chervenak, Roberto Romero, Clinical Maternal-Fetal Medicine Online, 2021
Adjuvant chemotherapy for the treatment of ovarian cancer currently includes the use of a platinum and a taxane, such as carboplatin and paclitaxel. The use of a platinum with paclitaxel has been reported in pregnancy with normal growth and development in infants and children at follow-up (24,25).
Small-Molecule Targeted Therapies
Published in David E. Thurston, Ilona Pysz, Chemistry and Pharmacology of Anticancer Drugs, 2021
The agent has been investigated in clinical trials for the treatment of progeria, a rare genetic disorder in which symptoms of aging occur prematurely. A Phase II clinical trial was completed in 2012, which demonstrated that a combination of lonafarnib and two other agents met clinical efficacy endpoints. In another clinical study in patients with metastatic NSCLC who had failed previous taxane regimens, lonafarnib was found to have some antitumor activity in the 29 patients studied, with 3 achieving partial responses, an overall 16-week average disease-free progression survival time and an average overall survival of 39 weeks. However, these results were insufficient for further progression of lonafarnib. Minimal side effects were observed with this combination of paclitaxel and lonafarnib, with fatigue, diarrhea, and dyspnea being the most frequent side effects. Only one patient had a significant reduction in white blood cell count and reports of more serious side effects such as respiratory insufficiency and acute respiratory failure were infrequent.
A compound formulation of EGF-modified paclitaxel micelles and EGF-modified emodin micelles enhance the therapeutic effect of ovarian cancer
Published in Journal of Liposome Research, 2023
Ling Tang, Xiu-Xiu Liu, Xiao-Dan Yang, Shuang Tan, Zhong-Wen Zou
The tumor-bearing mice model was established according to the above process. When the tumor volume increased to 300 mm3, the mice were randomly divided into five groups (3 in each group), and each group was injected with saline, free paclitaxel, paclitaxel micelles, paclitaxel micelles plus emodin micelles, and EGF-modified paclitaxel micelles plus EGF-modified emodin micelles, respectively. The dose of paclitaxel was 5 mg/kg. The mice were treated every other day, six times without interruption, the mice weight and the tumor volume were recorded after each treatment. After the treatment cycle, the mice were euthanized by anesthesia, and the entire tumor tissue was taken out. The tumor tissue was embedded in paraffin, and then the tumor tissue is sliced into thin slices with a thickness of 5 μm, save one every ten consecutive slices.
Sesamol Augments Paclitaxel-Induced Apoptosis in Human Cervical Cancer Cell Lines
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2022
Jiayi Xiong, Juanjuan Sheng, Yan Wei, Zhimin Sun, Xia Xiao, Lanmei Zhang
Phytochemicals show preventive and therapeutic effects against cervical cancer cells (14). Therefore, treatment with natural phytochemicals was considered a novel approach to sensitize paclitaxel toxicity without significant adverse effects. Sesamum indicum, a medicinal herb, possesses potent phytochemicals which exhibit important anticancer properties (15). Sesamol is a naturally occurring lignan present in the seeds of Sesamum indicum that exhibits anticancer properties (16). The pharmacological perspectives of sesamol were demonstrated by several researchers (16–19). The methylenedioxy ring-opening skeleton was reported for its potent anticancer property (20). Further, sesamol exhibited selective toxicity in human melanoma cells (21). Recent studies illustrated that sesamol served as a chemosensitiser and up-regulated death receptors in the solid Ehrlich carcinoma model (22). Therefore, in the present study, the authors investigated the chemosensitising potential of sesamol in HeLa cervical cancer cells.
Effect of intraperitoneal docetaxel on ovarian function in mice
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2022
Kanako Yoshida, Otgontsetseg Erdenebayar, Yuri Kadota, Kana Kasai, Takako Kawakita, Akari Shinya, Hikari Sasasda, Sachiko Katayama, Mari Nii, Junki Imaizumi, Shuuhei Kamada, Tomohiro Kagawa, Atsuko Yoshida, Yuri Yamamoto, Takeshi Kato, Minoru Irahara, Takeshi Iwasa
Taxanes affect the cytoskeleton; they bind to the beta subunit of tubulin, thereby causing cell cycle arrest at the G2-M phase. However, evidence of the potential gonadotoxicity of taxanes may limit their use. Some clinical studies have shown that treatment with taxanes does not result in an additional increase in amenorrhoea rate, although it may cause a slight increase in the incidence of reversible amenorrhoea (Pérez-Fidalgo et al.2010, Davis et al.2005, Berliere et al.2008, Reh et al.2008, Abusief et al.2010). Nevertheless, the findings from several follow-up studies indicate that the probability of CIA associated with taxane-based chemotherapy is higher than that associated with anthracycline-based chemotherapy (Fornier et al.2005, Han et al.2009, Hortu et al. 2020). In a previous study on rats, treatment with paclitaxel reduced the number of primordial follicles (Yucebilgin et al.2004). This is similar to what occurs in humans (Kai et al.1994), which indicates that paclitaxel is gonadotoxic. It was also found in another study that rats treated with high-dose paclitaxel exhibit a decrease in the number of foetuses and implantations due to the inhibition of ovulation. However, these adverse effects were not seen in a later follow-up period during the study, suggesting that the effects of paclitaxel on the ovaries may be reversible (Tarumi et al.2009).