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Supplements
Published in David Lightsey, The Myths about Nutrition Science, 2019
To eliminate potentially hazardous supplements from the marketplace, the FDA recalls individual products and issues public notices regarding individual ingredients. The effectiveness of FDA recalls of individual products has been previously studied. One analysis found that 67% of brands subject to FDA recalls still on sale contained adulterants. Our current study explores the use of public notices targeting individual ingredients in supplements rather than individual products. Two findings are notable. First, the number of products that contained 1,3-DMAA, BMPEA, and oxilofrine decreased, but most supplements tested contained 1 or more prohibited stimulant, some up to 4 years after FDA action. Second, 1 stimulant was introduced only after FDA enforcement action. Future studies will be necessary to determine whether the FDA’s public notices may, on occasion, inadvertently lead to the introduction of prohibited stimulants in supplements.
Nine prohibited stimulants found in sports and weight loss supplements: deterenol, phenpromethamine (Vonedrine), oxilofrine, octodrine, beta-methylphenylethylamine (BMPEA), 1,3-dimethylamylamine (1,3-DMAA), 1,4-dimethylamylamine (1,4-DMAA), 1,3-dimethylbutylamine (1,3-DMBA) and higenamine
Published in Clinical Toxicology, 2021
Pieter A. Cohen, John C. Travis, Céline Vanhee, Dana Ohana, Bastiaan J. Venhuis
In a study of dietary supplements available for sale in the US, we found 9 prohibited stimulants formulated into 8 different combinations – none of which have been studied in humans. We detected two stimulants for which the FDA has not issued warnings to manufacturers or consumers: deterenol, a beta-agonist with potentially serious adverse effects when consumed orally in humans, and phenpromethamine which was marketed as a pharmaceutical stimulant in the Vonedrine nasal inhaler in the 1940s and 1950s. Neither deterenol nor phenpromethamine have been approved for oral use in the US or elsewhere. In addition to deterenol and phenpromethamine, 7 additional experimental stimulants were identified including oxilofrine, octodrine, BMPEA, 1,3-DMAA, 1,4-DMAA, 1,3-DMBA and higenamine. The risks of consuming these combinations of stimulants is unknown. The FDA should warn consumers about the presence of cocktails of experimental stimulants in weight loss and sports supplements and take immediate effective action to remove these stimulants from the market. Clinicians should remain alert to the possibility that patients may be inadvertently exposed to experimental and prohibited stimulants when consuming weight loss and sports supplements.