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Oral Nutritional Supplements and Appetite Stimulation Therapy
Published in Michael M. Rothkopf, Jennifer C. Johnson, Optimizing Metabolic Status for the Hospitalized Patient, 2023
Michael M. Rothkopf, Jennifer C. Johnson
Oxandrolone is a synthetic anabolic steroid approved by the FDA for the treatment of cachexia. It has been shown to improve wound healing in patients with weight loss and non-healing chronic wounds (Demling and De Santi 1998). Oxandrolone also improved appetite and weight gain in patients with COPD (Yeh et al. 2002). Oxandrolone is contraindicated in patients with prostate or breast cancer and should also be used with caution in patients with liver disease (Labossiere and Bernard 2008).
Appetite-Stimulant Use in the Palliative Care of Cystic Fibrosis
Published in Victor R. Preedy, Handbook of Nutrition and Diet in Palliative Care, 2019
Samya Z. Nasr, Aarti Shakkottai
Oxandrolone has marked anabolic activity and few androgenic effects (ratio 10:1), as compared to testosterone and methyl-testosterone. It cannot be aromatized to estrogen, thereby minimizing estrogen-dependent advancement of bone age, particularly in children who are still growing (Varness et al. 2009). Oxandrolone is the only AAS that is FDA approved for restitution of weight loss after severe trauma, extensive surgery or chronic infections. It is also approved for use in malnutrition due to alcoholic cirrhosis, and Duchene's or Becker's muscular dystrophy. Statistically significant improvements have been reported in the areas of body composition, recovery, muscle strength and function. Oxandrolone has been used in acute catabolic disorders (e.g., burn injury and acute multiple trauma) and in chronic catabolic disorders such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and Crohn's disease. It has also been used in wasting associated with HIV/AIDS. Adverse effects include hepatic dysfunction (increased transaminase levels) and androgenic effects (alopecia, hirsutism, deep voice and clitoromegaly in girls and women) (Orr and Singh 2004).
Burns
Published in Kenneth D Boffard, Manual of Definitive Surgical Trauma Care: Incorporating Definitive Anaesthetic Trauma Care, 2019
Use of oxandrolone, an anabolic steroid, is also well supported by evidence.13 Decreased time to donor-site healing, decreased weight and nitrogen loss, and additional gain in lean body mass are all significant. A dose of 0.1 mg/kg/day in divided doses has been established.
Inflammatory myopathies: shedding light on promising agents and combination therapies in clinical trials
Published in Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs, 2021
Rachel Zeng, Stefanie Glaubitz, Jens Schmidt
With the aim to induce muscle growth, oxandrolone, a synthetic androgen, was tested in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study in patients with IBM [103]. The patients received oxandrolone or a placebo for 12 weeks, followed by a washout period and later followed by the alternative treatment for 12 weeks. The primary outcome was improvement in MVICT. Secondary outcomes included manual muscle testing and functional outcome measures. Stair climbing as a functional outcome measure as well as the MVICT of the upper extremities showed a significant improvement in the therapy arm. Furthermore, the treatment was well tolerated. The authors suggest oxandrolone as an add-on therapy in combination to an immunosuppressive treatment. So far no larger follow-up trial with this drug has been conducted.
An overview on performance and image enhancing drugs (PIEDs) confiscated in Italy in the period 2017–2019
Published in Clinical Toxicology, 2021
Sara Odoardi, Serena Mestria, Giulia Biosa, Valeria Valentini, Sofia Federici, Sabina Strano Rossi
The analytical results demonstrated many qualitative and quantitative discrepancies with what was reported on the labels, in agreement with other authors’ findings [13,20–22]. The compound declared was in some cases replaced with a similar one, such as a different steroid ester, for example, testosterone cypionate instead of testosterone enanthate, or a substance belonging to the same class, for example, methandienone replacing oxandrolone. In other samples, the label was completely misleading. This was the case, for example, of some capsules in which the presence of aspirin was declared along with the stimulant drugs ephedrine and caffeine, where acetylsalicylic acid was replaced with sildenafil; another preparation claiming to contain only natural herbal extracts, contained instead sildenafil and thiosildenafil. In other cases, the label on the tablets reported that they contained oxandrolone, while more than 50% of them, in the same package, contained methenolone enanthate. Some preparations consisted of a mixture of active ingredients, from two up to thirteen compounds identified, instead of the single one declared; these products appeared to be contaminated with traces of other drugs.
Novel pharmacotherapy for burn wounds: what are the advancements
Published in Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 2019
Anabolic steroids such as oxandrolone (a testosterone analog which possesses only 5% of the undesirable androgenic effects of testosterone) are beneficial for muscle protein catabolism because they enhance protein synthesis, reduce weight loss, and improve the healing of skin graft donor sites [59]. In a prospective randomized study, administration of 10 mg of oxandrolone every 12 h decreased the hospital stay. However, it is important to monitor hepatic transaminases to avoid liver toxicity [60]. Oxandrolone reduced hypermetabolism after burns and significantly increased lean body mass at 6, 9, and 12 months post-burn, and bone mineral content at 12 months [61]. Patients treated with oxandrolone showed fewer complications compared to treatment with rhGH.