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Coronary Artery Disease
Published in Stephen T. Sinatra, Mark C. Houston, Nutritional and Integrative Strategies in Cardiovascular Medicine, 2022
Olive oil’s “secret sauce” is probably related to its antioxidant activity, particularly oleocanthal. This polyphenol is extremely important, as its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities are most likely the source of its antiaging benefits. Other polyphenols such as oleuropein (OL) and hydroxytyrosol (HT) represent molecules of extreme interest for their favorable biological and pharmacological properties. Oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol not only serve as potent antioxidants, but they also exhibit antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities while promoting healthy blood vessel dilation and reducing the risk of blood clotting. A 2018 rodent study13 evaluated oleuropein and concluded that this phenolic compound prevents oxidation and protects against strokes. Hydroxytyrosol bestows equally remarkable benefits, including the prevention of plaque buildup in arteries. In an animal study,14 rabbits given HT for 1 month ended up with improved cholesterol profiles and elevated blood antioxidant status, as well as reduction of atherosclerotic lesions in their arteries.
Role of Vitamin D and Antioxidant Functional Foods in the Prevention and Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease Pathology
Published in Abhai Kumar, Debasis Bagchi, Antioxidants and Functional Foods for Neurodegenerative Disorders, 2021
Extra-virgin olive oil also contains many polyphenols and secoridoids that include oleuropein aglycone (OLE). In TgCRND8 mice, a model for Aβ deposition administration of OLE improved memory deficits associated with AD and changed the number, size, and shape of the cortex and hippocampus Aβ plaques in both early and late stages of the disease associated with a reduction in migration of microglia to the plaque area, a reduction of astrocyte reactivity, and an increase in autophagic marker expression and lysosomal activity (Grossi et al., 2013). Oleuropein aglycone, present in extra-virgin olive oil, may impact autophagy that can affect the levels of aggregated misfolded proteins that are a part of the AD pathogenesis. These effects can be modulated by the AMPK/mTOR pathway (Cordero, Garcia-Escudero, Avila, Gargini, & Garcia-Escudero, 2018).
Role of Natural Polyphenols in Oxidative Stress: Prevention of Diabetes
Published in Megh R. Goyal, Durgesh Nandini Chauhan, Assessment of Medicinal Plants for Human Health, 2020
Brahm Kumar Tiwari, Kanti Bhooshan Pandey
Studies provide results that many plant polyphenols may modulate insulin sensitivity such as green tea catechins like Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG)15,50, chlorogenic acid, 4-caffeoylquinic, gallic acid, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, protocatechuic acid70, cinnamon polyphenols (catechin, epicatechin)72, anthocyanin (cyanidin 3-glucoside)76, resveratrol13, olive leaf polyphenols (vpigenenin, flavonoid, verbascoside, oleic acid, quercetin, luteolin, rutin, oleuropein, hydroxytyrosol, and kaempferol).24
Oleuropein: A Potential Inhibitor for Prostate Cancer Cell Motility by Blocking Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2021
Hatice Gumushan Aktas, Huda Ayan
The symbol of peace, olive tree (Olea europea, L.), a perennial plant, is grown for nutritious fruits and oil obtained from these fruits. Different parts and products of the plant have been using for nutritional, cosmetic, and medical purposes, especially in the Mediterranean countries. Researchers informed that oleuropein was one of the abundant compounds in the olive trees, especially leaves and fruits of it (20). Oleuropein is the secoiridoid that gives the bitter taste to olive and olive oil (21). Panizzi et al. (22) have reported that oleuropein is a glucosidic ester of hydroxytyrosol and elenolic acid (Figure 1) (23). As reviewed by Omar (24), oleuropein has beneficial effects on health, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiatherogenic, antiischemic, hypolipidemic, antimicrobial, antiviral, and cardioprotective behaviors as well as cytotoxic and anticancer activity. Additionally, it has been reported that oleuropein has an inhibitory effect on L-type (25) and T-type Ca2+ channels (26), and therefore, it may be useful for the treatment of cancer, as well as cardiovascular disorders. Furthermore, some studies have shown that oleuropein suppresses cancer cell motility. However, these studies focused on mechanisms different from VGSC-mediated cell movement (27, 28).
Evaluation of potential anti-fibrotic effect of oleuropein on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rat
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2020
Hamid Reza Khalili, Hamid Reza Adeli Behrooz, Mohammad Reaza Rashidi Nooshabadi, Sahar Geravandi, Mohammad Javad Mohammadi, Hossein Foruozandeh
Oleuropein (OLE) and its bioactive secoiridoid metabolites (elenolic acid and hydroxytyrosol) are principal active constituents of olive (Oleaeuropaea) unprocessed oil and leaves extract (Al-Azzawie and Alhamdani 2006, Andreadou et al.2006). Oleuropein has possessed a wide range of health promoting and pharmacologic properties such as anti-inflammatory, immune stimulant, cardio protective, spasmolytic, antiarrhythmic, hypotensive (Al-Azzawie and Alhamdani 2006), and remarkable antioxidant effects (Speroni et al.1998). Some other pharmacological activities of OLE are antimicrobial, antioxidant, Skin protectant, anti-cancer, antiviral, anti-aging, anti-atherogenic activity and hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and neuroprotective effects (Omar 2010, Sun et al.2017).
The protective effect of oleuropein against radiation-induced cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and genetic damage in cultured human lymphocytes
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2021
Fatemeh Amani, Mehdi Allahbakhshian Farsani, Mehrdad Gholami, Seyed Mahmoud Reza Aghamiri, Mohsen Bakhshandeh, Mohammad Hossein Mohammadi
In this study, the effect of oleuropein on cytotoxicity, 24 h after lymphocyte treatment with oleuropein with no radiation was evaluated, the maximum concentration used in this study (200 μM) increased cells viability compared with the control group (Table 1). This means that the maximum concentration of oleuropein in this study is not cytotoxic. Consequently, lower concentrations also lack these effects and do not cause any side-effects and toxicity. The results of this study are similar to those reported by Petkov et al. and Lee-Huang et al., indicating that oleuropein extract does not have any side-effects and toxicity (Petkov and Manolov 1972; Lee-Huang et al. 2003).