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Catalog of Herbs
Published in James A. Duke, Handbook of Medicinal Herbs, 2018
Dry seed contain 30% protein, 29.4% fat.21 Morton notes that all parts contain the cardiac glycosides oleandrin and neriin; also, folinerin, rosagenin, cornerin, pseudocuramine, rutin, cortenerin, and oleandomycin.42 Toxicity and activity of many of these are detailed by Watt and Breyer-Brandwijk.1 Additionally, it contains HCN, 0.049% caoutchouc, 0.014% sterol, 4.3% ursolic acid, quercetrin-3-rhamnoglucoside, kaempferol-3-rhamnoglucoside. Traces of vitamin A and K, 0.288% vitamin C are also reported.1 Seeds contain 17.43% fat, plus a sitosterol. Tittel and Wagner,211 analyzing leaves for cardenolides, reported that gentiobio-syloleandrin, odoroside A, and oleandrin were the chief glycosides present.
Plants and Mushrooms
Published in David J. George, Poisons, 2017
Oleander is a tall evergreen shrub with attractive clusters of colored flowers. It is frequently planted along roadways, and it is often used in the landscaping of private homes, parks, and communal areas of businesses and developments of every kind. It is also popular for indoor potting. Oleander contains oleandrin, which is a cardiotoxic compound with actions similar to that of digitalis. Ingesting a few leaves can be lethal. Initially, a poisoned individual will experience gastrointestinal disturbances reflected by nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. This can progress to drowsiness, unconsciousness, and various types of cardiac arrhythmias. Death is preceded by convulsions and respiratory failure.
Abies Spectabilis (D. Don) G. Don (Syn. A. Webbiana Lindl.) Family: Coniferae
Published in L.D. Kapoor, Handbook of Ayurvedic Medicinal Plants, 2017
The petroleum extract of the roots yielded a lactonic constituent, viz., plumericin.641 The alcoholic extract of root bark showed the presence of α-amyrin and β-sitosterol in the petroleum ether fraction, kaempferol in the ether fraction, and odoroside in the chloroform fraction.642 Chopra et al.178 reported the isolation of oleandrin, neriodin, ursolic acid, and a dynerin from the leaves. A new pentacyclic triterpene, oleanderol, and the known betulin, betulinic acid, ursolic acid, and oleanolic acid, have been isolated from the fresh leaves of N. oleander by Siddiqui et al.643
Toxic thrombocytopenia during Nerium oleander poisoning
Published in Clinical Toxicology, 2018
Camille Bataille, Lise Capaldo, Arnaud Courtois, Benjamin Seguy, Clémence Lotiron, Magali Labadie
Nerium oleander (apocynaceae) is an evergreen shrub that contains cardiac glycosides, mainly oleandrin, that exhibits cardiac toxicity similar to the one induced by digitalis glycosides [1]. We reported the case of a 33 years old woman, who ingested an infusion of 20 Nerium oleander leaves (approximately 25 g in 350 mL boiling water, for 20 minutes). Seven hours after drinking the infusion, she developed a headache and several episodes of vomiting. Blood pressure was normal (110/60 mmHg), but there was a profound sinus bradycardia (25 beats per minutes) without other cardiac abnormality. Her laboratory evaluation, 16 hours post ingestion, demonstrated hyperkalemia (6.2 mmol/L) with a normal serum creatinine (82 µmol/L). Upon arrival, she was treated by a transvenous pacer and was administered fondaparinux, 0.5 mg, atropine, 10 mg, metoclopramide, 10 mg, and digoxin immune Fab, 160 mg. Four hours after the dose of digoxin immune Fab, she was treated by temporary transcutaneous right ventricular pacing and a second administration of digoxin immune Fab in addition to a dose of activated charcoal, 50 g. Five days post ingestion she was clinically asymptomatic, but still experiencing bradycardic episodes. Serum oleandrin concentrations were of 19.6 and 7.5 μg/L, 15.5 and 44 hours after ingestion respectively. Approximately 72 hours after the Nerium oleander ingestion and 34 hours after fondaparinux administration, she developed an episode of thrombocytopenia (76 109/L). The platelet count returned to normal 5 days later, without clinical bleeding. Finally, she became asymptomatic and totally recovered within 8 days.
AnvirzelTMregulates cell death through inhibiting GSK-3 activity in human U87 glioma cells
Published in Neurological Research, 2020
Sule Terzioglu-Usak, Arife Nalli, Birsen Elibol, Erdinc Ozek, Mustafa Aziz Hatiboglu
On the other hand, a significant decrease in the activation of AKT upon high concentrations of AnvirzelTM treatment confirmed its inhibitory effect on proliferation. Similarly, Newman et al. found a downregulation of pAKT by oleandrin treatment. This result led them to suggest autophagic cell death in PANC-1 cells by AnvirzelTM treatment [13]. Interestingly, GSK-3 inhibits autophagy through the mTOR in MCF-7 breast cancer cells [21,22]. Therefore, it might be suggested that AnvirzelTM inhibited the activity of GSK-3 by phosphorylation to stimulate the autophagy. This effect by AnvirzelTM was also supported with the increased expression of the phosphorylated ERK in Newman et al. (2007) [13].
Successful treatment of Nerium oleander toxicity with titrated Digoxin Fab antibody dosing
Published in Clinical Toxicology, 2018
Multi-dose activated charcoal (MDAC) may be useful for decreasing cardiac glycoside toxicity related to Thevetia peruviana poisoning [2]. The benefit of MDAC in treating Nerium oleander toxicity is unknown. Oleandrin (a cardiac glycoside found in oleander species) is excreted via the biliary tract in mice and so MDAC may enhance Nerium oleander cardiac glycoside elimination and should be considered in cases of significant toxicity [3].