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Phytonanotechnology
Published in Namrita Lall, Medicinal Plants for Cosmetics, Health and Diseases, 2022
Tafadzwa J. Chiome, Asha Srinivasan
With still a lot of work being done in cancer research, co-delivery has shown to be a viable option when it comes to improving the efficiency of cancer treatment by using nanocarriers for the dual loading of both phytochemicals and other anti-tumor agents. Such a delivery has shown to be efficient at: (i) improving drug solubility; (ii) increasing bioavailability; (iii) minimizing chances of drug resistance development; (iv) delaying cellular adaptation; (v) inducing simultaneous therapeutic effect; (vi) delivery of optimum dosage; and (vii) reduced systemic cytotoxicity. Some studies have been done on several phytochemicals in conjunction with anti-cancer drugs used as first line treatment and some of the studies are listed in Table 13.5.
Exploring Important Herbs, Shrubs, and Trees for Their Traditional Knowledge, Chemical Derivatives, and Potential Benefits
Published in Azamal Husen, Herbs, Shrubs, and Trees of Potential Medicinal Benefits, 2022
Tilahun Belayneh Asfaw, Tarekegn Berhanu Esho, Archana Bachheti, Rakesh Kumar Bachheti, D.P. Pandey, Azamal Husen
More than 80% of the rural population worldwide, especially in developing countries, depends on traditional medicines for primary health care (WHO, 2013). Medicinal plants can synthesize thousands of diverse phytochemicals or natural products or bioactive constituents, including alkaloids, terpenoids, and phenolics. Phytochemicals are chemical compounds that occur naturally in medicinal and food plants. Plant bioactive compounds or phytochemicals play essential roles in plant survival and provide various valuable natural products (bioactive compounds) to protect themselves against pathogenic attacks and environmental stresses. Phytochemicals are also important ingredients that contribute to plant color, aroma, and flavor (Kumari et al., 2021). The amount of these phytochemicals depends on the types of plants and the climatic growing conditions or geographical variations.
An Overview of Molecular Nutrition
Published in Nicole M. Farmer, Andres Victor Ardisson Korat, Cooking for Health and Disease Prevention, 2022
Vincent W. Li, Catherine Ward, Delaney K. Schurr
In general, the more intense the color of the uncooked food, the more phytochemicals it will have. This is because phytochemicals are often pigments that give the food its color. Some well-known sources of phytochemicals are berries, tomatoes, green tea, grapes, red wine, and green tea. Some potentially surprising sources of phytochemicals are coffee, dark chocolate, and beer. But it is important to note that with cooking or heating, the bioavailability of some phytochemicals, notably lycopene, is increased.
Effect of quercetin on the pharmacokinetics of selexipag and its active metabolite in beagles
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2022
Shun-bin Luo, Er-min Gu, Yu-ao Chen, Shi-chen Zhou, Chen Fan, Ren-ai Xu
It is widely believed that the phytochemicals derived from natural products are usually safe. However, people hardly realise that it may lead to serious clinically significant interactions when combined with prescription or over-the-counter drugs. Quercetin used for more than 160 years is a naturally polar auxin transport inhibitor (Fischer et al. 1997). Some researchers have reported that although cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A polypeptide 1 (CYP1A1), cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A polypeptide 6 (CYP2A6), and cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E polypeptide 1 (CYP2E1) are not affected by the quercetin, quercetin has the potential to inhibit CYP2C8 and CYP3A4 (Chandrasekaran et al. 1978; Elbarbry et al. 2019). The in vitro study has demonstrated that selexipag is hydrolysed by CYP3A4 and CYP2C8 enzymes to the main active metabolite, ACT-333679 (Gnerre et al. 2018). However, ACT-333679 is not only metabolised by CYP3A4 and CYP2C8 but also metabolised by other ways such as the uridine 5″-diphosphoglucuronosyltransferase (UGT) enzymes, etc. (Gnerre et al. 2018).
Formulation, biopharmaceutical evaluation and in-vitro screening of polyherbal phytosomes for breast cancer therapy
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2022
Lalitha K. Govindaram, Mohammed Al Bratty, Hassan A. Alhazmi, Ruckmani Kandasamy, Neelaveni Thangavel, Angum M. Ibrahim, Gover Antoniraj Mariya, Ponnuchamy Kumar
Several studies have reported the chemo-preventive potency of dietary phytochemicals. Curcuma longa (C. longa), Matricaria chamomilla (M. chamomilla), and Withania somnifera (W. somnifera) are used for traditional medicine in Saudi Arabia and globally for the treatment of various diseases and are shown to possess utility in the breast cancer treatment by inducing apoptosis in MCF-7 cell lines [8–10]. Clinical trials on the active constituents of C. longa were reported to possess no adverse side effects even at higher doses (on the oral route, 3.6–8 g/day over 4 months) [11]. Apigenin and apigenin 7-O-glucoside are the commonly detected flavonoids in aqueous/methanolic extracts of chamomile and apigenin has no cytotoxic effect on normal cells [12–14]. Ashwagandha has been proven as nontoxic and safe upon toxicological evaluation [15]. Apigenin and curcumin show the synergistic anticancer effect by acting at altered sites of tubulin [16]. The ability of withanolides to inhibit heat protein which in turn causes the death of breast cancer cells [10] is also described.
An Overview of Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Emphasis on Dietary Products and Herbal Remedies
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2022
Deepa S. Mandlik, Satish K. Mandlik
The majority of the world’s population living in developing countries relieson traditional plant-based medicines for their primary health care, according to the World Health Organization. Natural therapeutic drugs are currently becoming, with their supremacy, the mainstream of anti-tumor drugs. For drug development and research, many natural phytochemicals used for the treatment of several illnesses such as cancer, are becoming important (9). These phytochemicals are effective against cancer of various types. They demonstrate this effectiveness by reversing cancer’s initiation, development, and progression and by crossing manifold paths such as cell proliferation, cell division, apoptosis, metastasis and angiogenesis (10). A significant number of herbs and phytoconstituents are used worldwide to treat chronic hepatic disorders owing to economical effectiveness, great protection constraints, long-lasting valuable action, and fewer adverse effects. They could protect hepatic cells via various pathways, such as virus removal, blockade of fibrogenesis, oxidative damage inhibition, and tumorigenesis process suppression, as per earlier research (11).