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Anti-Infective Agents
Published in Radhwan Nidal Al-Zidan, Drugs in Pregnancy, 2020
Risk Summary: The pregnancy experience in humans suggests low risk; however, the authors of one study recommended avoid giving Ofloxacin during pregnancy because safer alternatives are generally available. However, fluoroquinolones are commonly avoided in the perinatal period because of fears from fetal cartilage damage.
Otitis Media with Effusion
Published in John C Watkinson, Raymond W Clarke, Christopher P Aldren, Doris-Eva Bamiou, Raymond W Clarke, Richard M Irving, Haytham Kubba, Shakeel R Saeed, Paediatrics, The Ear, Skull Base, 2018
Granulation tissue secondary to infection occurs in approximately 1%, and is similarly managed with topical preparations. Chronic infection of the ventilation tube may require removal of the tube (in approximately 4% of ears).172 Ofloxacin as a topical antibiotic is preferable to ciprofloxacin, minimizing the risk of antibiotic resistance in a systemically used antibiotic.
Shorter Course Antibiotic Therapy (SCAT): Principles, Current Data, and Caveats
Published in Robert C. Owens, Lautenbach Ebbing, Antimicrobial Resistance, 2007
Donald E. Craven, Daniel P. McQuillen, Winnie W. Ooi, George A. Jacoby, Efren L. Rael, Kathleen Steger Craven
The results of clinical trials indicate that azithromycin and doxycycline are equally efficacious for treatment of chlamydial infection (106,107). These investigations were conducted primarily in populations in which follow-up was encouraged and adherence to a 7-day regimen was good. Azithromycin should be used to treat patients for whom adherence is in question, and is more costeffective because a single dose and DOT can be used. Doxycycline costs less than azithromycin, and it has been used extensively for a longer period. Erythromycin is less efficacious than either azithromycin or doxycycline due to gastrointestinal side effects and lower adherence. Ofloxacin is similar in efficacy to doxycycline and azithromycin, but it is more expensive to use and offers no advantage with regard to the dosage regimen. Partner tracing and notification along with education regarding the use and efficacy of condoms remain a mainstay of prevention of gonorrheal and chlamydial infection.
Investigation of drug regimens and treatment outcome in patients with Mycobacterium Simiae: a systematic review
Published in Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 2022
Shirin Dashtbin, Shiva Mirkalantari, Masoud Dadashi, Davood Darban-Sarokhalil
In this review, 15% (6 of 40), 37% (15 of 40), 37% (15 of 40), 5% (2 of 40) of studies were received 5, 4, 3, and 2 drugs combination, respectively. The following antibiotic regimens have been used in different studies against M. simiae pulmonary infections: a macrolide agent (either Clarithromycin or Azithromycin) + a Rifamycin (either Rifampin or Rifabutin) + a Fluoroquinolone (either Ciprofloxacin, Moxifloxacin, Gatifloxacin, Ofloxacin, Levofloxacin, or Sparfloxacin) +Ethambutol with or without a fifth agent, such as Amikacin, or Aminoglycoside (Amikacin or Tobramycin) and/or Oxazolidinone (Linezolid or Tedizolid) or Pyrazinamide (Tables 2 and 3). The antibiotics were administered either orally or intramuscularly. In this review, the most common drug regimens administered for M. simiae infection were as follows: Clarithromycin, Rifampin, Ethambutol, Pyrazinamide, Moxifloxacin, or Ciprofloxacin and Amikacin plus Cotrimoxazole in some regimens.
Antimicrobial pharmacokinetics and preclinical in vitro models to support optimized treatment approaches for uncomplicated lower urinary tract infections
Published in Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 2021
Iain J. Abbott, Jason A. Roberts, Joseph Meletiadis, Anton Y. Peleg
In the late 1990s and early 2000s, a Japanese research group used a multicompartment dilution model of a ‘complicated’ bladder infection (Figure 4(e)) [264,265]. This design incorporated intermittent bladder voiding every 2 h during the day and a 10 h ‘night phase’ without voiding. A relatively large post-void residual volume (10 mL) remained after each void. The activity of levofloxacin and gatifloxacin against P. aeruginosa and E. faecalis was investigated. Their model ran at 0.5 mL/min with Antibiotic Medium #3. In other iterations, glass beads were included within the bladder compartment to assess activity against biofilms (ofloxacin against E. coli; clarithromycin and fluoroquinolones against P. aeruginosa; clarithromycin against methicillin-resistant S. aureus) [266–269].
Inhibitory effect of norharmane on Serratia marcescens NJ01 quorum sensing-mediated virulence factors and biofilm formation
Published in Biofouling, 2021
Huai-Zhi Luo, Jin-Wei Zhou, Bing Sun, Huan Jiang, Shi Tang, Ai-Qun Jia
For biofilm disruption, treatment with norharmane or ofloxacin had no significant effect on the biofilm biomass and the number of sessile cells of S. marcescens NJ01. But after treatment with ofloxacin and norharmane simultaneously, the biofilm biomass and the number of viable cells was significantly reduced (Figure 8b, d). In the SEM images, treatment with ofloxacin alone, appeared to scarcely disrupt the preformed biofilm compared with the DMSO group (Figure 10Aa, e), and treatment with norharmane resulted in a minor reduction in biofilm biomass and the number of sessile cells (Figure 10Ab-d). Moreover, the number of biofilm bacterial cells was substantially decreased, and the emergence of elongated cells with or without swelling was observed after treatment with norharmane combined with ofloxacin (Figure 10Af-h). The latter phenomenon, caused by ofloxacin, has also been reported in previous studies (Monden et al. 2002; She et al. 2019). In the CLSM study, compared with the corresponding treatment alone, norharmane combined with ofloxacin treatment significantly reduced the biomass of the preformed biofilm, and caused a higher mortality of bacterial cells in the biofilm (Figure 10B)