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Ocimum Basilicum: A Model Medicinal Industrial Crop Enriched with an Array of Bioactive Chemicals
Published in Amit Baran Sharangi, K. V. Peter, Medicinal Plants, 2023
Sunita Singh Dhawan, Pankhuri Gupta, Raj Kishori Lal
CIM-Akshay: CIM-Akshay of Ocimum gratissimum is yielding variety released for cultivation from CSIR-CIMAP. The only source of Thymol to meet the demand is Thymus and Tachyspermum ammi. It is perennial nature. It is high Thymol rich essential oil yielding variety of Ocimum gratissimum belongs to the family “Lamiaceae.” The cultivar CIM Jyoti of Ocimum africanum has been developed by CSIR-CIMAP through breeding efforts for higher herb and essential oil containing desirable content of Thymol (50.70%). The average herb and essential oil yield of this variety is 300–320 q/ha and 100–120 kg/ha, respectively. Leaves of this variety are broad, inflorescence is small. The new developed variety CIM-Akshay was released at CSIR-CIMAP in 2019 on the occasion of CSIR Kisan Mela.
Plant-based Nanomaterials and their Antimicrobial Activity
Published in Mahendra Rai, Chistiane M. Feitosa, Eco-Friendly Biobased Products Used in Microbial Diseases, 2022
Mayuri Napagoda, Priyalatha Madhushanthi, Dharani Wanigasekara, Sanjeeva Witharana
Apart from the crude plant extracts, the essential oils obtained from many plant species have shown potent antimicrobial properties. For example, essential oils derived from Cymbopogon citratus inhibited the growth of E. coli, Salmonella typhimurium and S. aureus with MIC values of 0.6, 2.5 and 0.6 µL/mL respectively (Burt 2004). Furthermore, the essential oils extracted from Ocimum gratissimum showed profuse antibacterial activity against E. coli (MIC = 6 µg/mL), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC ≥ 24 µg/mL) and S. aureus (MIC = 0.75 µg/mL) (Nikolić et al. 2014). Similarly, the essential oils of Lavandula angustifolia displayed a MIC value of 0·25% (v/v) against E. coli, and 1·0% (v/v) against S. aureus. The essential oils of the same plant effectively inhibited the growth of C. albicans with a MIC of 0.25% (v/v). This study also revealed the strong antimicrobial potential of the essential oils extracted from Thymus vulgaris against C. albicans and E. coli [MIC of 0·12% (v/v)], and Vetiveria zizanioides against C. albicans and E. faecalis [MIC of 0.12% (v/v)]. Moreover, the essential oils of V. zizanioides displayed MIC of 0·06% (v/v) against S. aureus as well (Hammer et al. 1999).
Herbal Product Development and Characteristics
Published in Anil K. Sharma, Raj K. Keservani, Surya Prakash Gautam, Herbal Product Development, 2020
Mirian Pateiro, Rubén Domínguez, Predrag Putnik, Danijela Bursać Kovačević, Francisco J. Barba, Paulo S. E. Munekata, Elena Movilla Fierro, José M. Lorenzo
The genus Ocimum is recognized in traditional medicine for its various properties, being considered as innovative drugs (Uritu et al., 2018). Between the species of this family having medicinal benefits we find Ocimum sanctum, Ocimum gratissimum, or Ocimum micranthum, specially related to antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory activities (Table 8.1) (Mahajan et al., 2013).
Evaluating Water bitter leaf (Struchium sparganophora) and Scent Leaf (Ocimum gratissimum) extracts as sources of nutraceuticals against manganese-induced toxicity in fruit fly model
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2023
Adedayo Oluwaseun Ademiluyi, Opeyemi Babatunde Ogunsuyi, Josephine Oluwaseun Akinduro, Olayemi Philemon Aro, Ganiyu Oboh
Medicinal plants are rich resources of nutraceuticals, food supplements, pharmaceutical intermediates and chemical entities (Hammer et al. 1999). The plant Ocimum gratissimum is one of those plants widely known and used for both medicinal and nutritional purposes. It is a perennial plant that is widely distributed in the tropics of Africa and Asia. It belongs to the Family Labiatae and it is the most abundant of the genus Ocimum. The common names of the plant are Basil Fever plant or Tea bush and vernacular names include Daidoya tagida (Northern), Nichonwu (East), and Efinrin (Southwest) (Abdullahi et al. 2003, Idris et al. 2011). The plant is also believed to keep the baby’s cord and wound surface sterile from bacterial infection. It is used in the treatment of fungal infections, fever, cold and catarrh and also in West Africa it serves as an antimalarial and anti-convulsant drug. The crushed leaf juice is used in the treatment of convulsion, stomach pain and catarrh. Oil from the leaves have been found to possess antiseptics, antibacterial and antifungal activities (Sofowara 1984, Edeoga and Eriata 2001). The phytochemical evaluation of Ocimum gratissimum shows that it is rich in alkaloids, tannins, phytates, flavonoids and Oligosaccharides (Ijeh et al. 2004).
Inhibitory potentials of phytocompounds from Ocimum gratissimum against anti-apoptotic BCL-2 proteins associated with cancer: an integrated computational study
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2022
Gideon A. Gyebi, Oludare M. Ogunyemi, Ibrahim M. Ibrahim, Saheed O. Afolabi, Rotimi J. Ojo, Uju D.I. Ejike, Joseph O. Adebayo
Over expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins is associated with different types of cancer. The anti-cancer activities of Ocimum gratissimum have been reported but the anti-cancer constituent(s) have not been identified. Herein, we applied different computation techniques to screen 103 Ocimum gratissimum derived phytochemicals for potential inhibitors against BCL-2, MCL-1, BCL-B BCL-XL and BFL-1. The Results from this study showed that five lead phytochemicals (ursolic acid, β-sitosterol, luteolin, apigenin 7,4’,dimethyl ether, basilimoside) had high binding tendencies to the five APB2Ps. Ursolic acid, β-sitosterol and luteolin exhibited different levels of multiplicity binding to atleast two of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins which may in turn exert inhibitory effect to these proteins. The five lead phytochemicals satisfied the requisite properties for the in silico drug likeness analysis with well favorable ADMET properties. Ursolic acid and luteolin, complexed with the Bcl-2 and BCL-XL respectively, demonstrated high flexibility and structural stability in the 100 ns MD simulation. Evidences from previous work has established the inhibitory potential of ursolic acid, β-sitosterol and luteolin against the APB2Ps. The results suggest that the anti-proliferative activity O. gratissimum may be as a result of the synergistic activities of, at least, the lead phytochemicals. There is therefore further need to investigate these phytochemicals as potential drug candidates.
Anti-ulcerogenic effect of methanol fraction of Ocimum gratissimum leaves extract and honey on indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in rats
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2021
Aanuoluwa James Salemcity, Blessing Oluwagbamila Omolaso, Oghenefega Sheila Ogegere, Victoria Olasumbo Oluokun
Ocimum gratissimum (Og) (Scent leaf), a perennial plant, is vastly scattered in the tropics of Africa and Asia. It belongs to the family Labiatae and it is the most abundant of the genus Ocimum. In the Southern part of Nigeria, it is called ‘Efirin nla’ by Yoruba tribe, ‘Nchanwu’ in Igbo land, and ‘Daidoya’ in the Northern side of the country [8]. This plant and its other species are known for their folkloric use in the traditional medicine for the treatment or management of numerous ailments because of the presence of bioactive agents which have physiological effect on biological system [9,10]. It has been discovered traditionally to be effective in the treatment of pile, diarrhea, dysentery, fever, malaria, diabetes mellitus and even epilepsy11. The phytochemicals present in this plant are tannins, saponins, alkaloids, glycosides, phenols and flavonoids. These active principles exert immune-defensive effects on diseases in the body. It can also be used as condiment for preparation of delicacies for human consumption [11,12].