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Rationale and technique of malaria control
Published in David A Warrell, Herbert M Gilles, Essential Malariology, 2017
David A Warrell, Herbert M Gilles
Classified by their chemical characteristics, the most common insecticides applied in public health practice are: petroleum oils and their derivatives;active constituents of flowers of pyrethrum (pyrethrins) or some newer synthetic compounds of this group (pyrethroids);chlorinated hydrocarbons: dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT), hexachlorocydohexane (HCH) and dieldrin;organophosphorous insecticides: malathion, temephos etc.;carbamates: propoxur, carbaryl etc.;insect growth regulators: diflubenzuron, methoprene, pyriproxyfen.
Fleas (order Siphonaptera)
Published in Eric S. Loker, Bruce V. Hofkin, Parasitology, 2015
Eric S. Loker, Bruce V. Hofkin
Control Various insecticides such as diflubenzuron (inhibits egg development) and methoprene (results in infertile eggs) are useful indoors. Flea collars or oral medications may be used to inhibit flea activity on pets. Keeping areas in the home and outside, where livestock are kept, free from debris is beneficial. Regular vacuuming, for instance, can eliminate most adult fleas in the home. Baking soda can be used to dehydrate and kill fleas.
Plasmodium spp.
Published in Peter M. Lydyard, Michael F. Cole, John Holton, William L. Irving, Nino Porakishvili, Pradhib Venkatesan, Katherine N. Ward, Case Studies in Infectious Disease, 2010
Peter M. Lydyard, Michael F. Cole, John Holton, William L. Irving, Nino Porakishvili, Pradhib Venkatesan, Katherine N. Ward
Infection is also prevented by controlling the breeding cycle of the vector, which should significantly reduce the number of cases and rate of parasite infection. Larval control is important by limiting breeding sites. Biological control using Bacillus thuringiensis toxin is widely used as a larvicide for mosquito larvae. Methoprene kills the larvae, and also the introduction of fish which eat the larvae, into the breeding grounds, is important. These approaches are generally considered to be environmentally friendly methods of mosquito control.
Larvicidal and pupicidal evaluation of silver nanoparticles synthesized using Aquilaria sinensis and Pogostemon cablin essential oils against dengue and zika viruses vector Aedes albopictus mosquito and its histopathological analysis
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2018
Hassan Ga’al, Hatem Fouad, Guofeng Mao, Jiaxin Tian, Mo Jianchu
Mosquito control is a critical element in preventing the outbreaks of mosquitoborne diseases. The application of synthetic insecticides, such as organophosphates and pyrethroids, and insect growth regulators, such as diflubenzuron and methoprene, are currently major tools for mosquito control [8]. However, these options have created many health and environmental issues, such as expanding resistance, disturbance of the ecosystem's natural control mechanisms and non-target organism toxicity and impact on aquatic species [1]. In order to deal with these challenges, effective and eco-friendly control methods for mosquito vectors are urgently required.
Therapeutic modulation of retinoid X receptors – SAR and therapeutic potential of RXR ligands and recent patents
Published in Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents, 2019
In addition, the terpene phytanic acid (10), a metabolite of phytol and a fragment of chlorophyll, selectively activates RXR but not RAR [29,30]. Amongst related structures, the 2E-isomer of phytenic acid (11) is an RXR agonist, as well, while phytol (12) and pristanic acid (13) failed to activate RXR [29]. The diterpene methoprene acid (14), a metabolite of the insect juvenile growth hormone methoprene, causes RXR-specific activation in insect and mammalian cells, without activation of RAR (Figure 5) [31].