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Risk Reduction and Screening for Women’s Cancers
Published in James M. Rippe, Lifestyle Medicine, 2019
Ama McKinney, Jo Marie Tran Janco
Aluminum is a non-essential metal that can be toxic and recent evidence has linked breast cancer with aluminum-based antiperspirants.51 Aluminum has been called a metalloestrogen because it binds estrogen receptors to give rise to estrogen-agonist responses in vitro and in vivo, and may have the potential to add to the burden of aberrant estrogen signaling within the human breast.52 Personal care products, such as aluminum-containing antiperspirants, are potential contributors to the body burden of aluminum.51
Serum concentrations of heavy metals in women with endometrial polyps
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2020
Betül Kalkan Yılmaz, Özlem Evliyaoğlu, Ayçağ Yorgancı, Şebnem Özyer, Yaprak Engin Üstün
The term ‘heavy metal’ often defines the metals or semimetals (metalloids) that are associated with contamination and potential toxicity or ecotoxicity. Additionally, inorganic heavy metal ions that bind and activate oestrogen receptors are referred to as ‘metalloestrogens’. Metals such as aluminium, antimony, arsenate, barium, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, lead, mercury, nickel, selenite, tin and vanadate are metalloestrogens that possess oestrogenic properties (Darbre 2006b). Apart from toxic effects, metalloestrogens have been linked to the aetiology of oestrogen-dependent diseases such as breast and endometrium cancer and endometriosis (Darbre 2006a, 2006b; Akesson et al. 2008; Silva et al. 2013; Exley 2016). Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the serum metalloestrogen levels such as copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), aluminium (Al), lead (Pb) and nickel (Ni) and determine Cu/Zn ratio and their possible relationship with the occurrence of endometrial polyps.