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Medicinal Plants Against COVID-19
Published in Hanadi Talal Ahmedah, Muhammad Riaz, Sagheer Ahmed, Marius Alexandru Moga, The Covid-19 Pandemic, 2023
Binish Khaliq, Naila Ali, Ahmed Akrem, M. Yasin Ashraf, Arif Malik, Arifa Tahir, M. Zia-Ul-Haq
Liquorice is medicinal herbs that are being used to cure different types of chronic infections since ancient times. Liquorice dried and crushed roots are boiled and then prepare the root extract. The liquid crude extract can be dried to make a dark fine powder. This powder can be taken orally to cure the many types of chronic disease [149]. Glycyrrhizin is the saponin that is present in the root extract of liquorice, and this molecule show the antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, and antiviral activity [150].
Liquorice and Chinese herbal medicine
Published in Vivienne Lo, Michael Stanley-Baker, Dolly Yang, Routledge Handbook of Chinese Medicine, 2022
Liquorice is special among the herbs used in Chinese herbal medicine. Whether or not we accept the rigid hierarchy of herbs in a Chinese prescription, it is not unreasonable to think that each component plays a different role. What is so special about liquorice is that it plays many parts. In some circumstances, as in the case of coughing, it does have a therapeutic role. Undoubtedly its sweetness makes the prescription more palatable, so it is an aid to consumption. Finally, it may, in some instances, provide a drug delivery system for other bioactive components of the prescription. That one herb should provide so much is impressive and valuable but what is even more impressive is that Chinese physicians, with no understanding of modern concepts of drug action, should have recognised that there could be value in adding liquorice to enhance the potency of a prescription.
Ethnomedicinal and Pharmacological Importance of Glycyrrhiza glabra L
Published in Mahendra Rai, Shandesh Bhattarai, Chistiane M. Feitosa, Wild Plants, 2020
Ashish K. Bhattarai, Sanjaya M. Dixit
The antioxidative mechanism of GutGard (a standardized extract of G. glabra) against gastric mucosal lesions was supported by its in vitro antioxidant potency, as evidenced by its high oxygen radical absorbance capacity assay (ORAC) value. These results support the ethnomedical uses of licorice in the treatment of ulcers (Mukherjee et al. 2010).
SMEDDS for improved oral bioavailability and anti-hyperuricemic activity of licochalcone A
Published in Journal of Microencapsulation, 2021
Zhongan Zhu, Jing Liu, Yuhang Yang, Michael Adu-Frimpong, Hao Ji, Elmurat Toreniyazov, Qilong Wang, Jiangnan Yu, Ximing Xu
Previous studies have suggested that hyperuricaemia was closely related to liver and kidney damage (Kumar et al. 2015). In order to evaluate the effects of free LCA and LCA-SMEDDS on the liver and kidney of HUA rats, the histopathological appearance of kidney and liver tissues were studied and the results are depicted in Figure 5(B,C). Compared with normal control group, pathological changes such as edoema, necrosis, and degeneration were observed in the model control group, indicating that hyperuricaemia caused damage to the liver and kidney of modelled rats. This could be due to nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) mediated inflammation caused by UA, which plays an important role in histopathology damage (Turner et al. 2014). We observed that LCA and LCA-SMEDDS could alleviate liver and kidney injury to varying degrees by reducing UA level. Besides, liquorice extract showed anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators (Yu et al. 2015). This may be another reason why LCA and LCA-SMEDDS could decrease HUA induced histopathologic damage. Moreover, H-L-S showed excellent liver and kidney protective effect, while the histological appearance of these tissues was similar to that of normal control group. Therefore, we concluded that LCA-SMEDDS could effectively increase organ protective effect of LCA in hyperuricemic rats.
Effects of liquorice on pharmacokinetics of aconitine in rats
Published in Xenobiotica, 2019
Yufei He, Zihong Wei, Xiaoyan Ci, Ying Xie, Xiulin Yi, Yong Zeng, Yazhuo Li, Changxiao Liu
As the most widely applied herbal medicine, liquorice has been used as “guide drug” in combination with other herbs to play a critical role in either toxicity reduction or enhancement of effectiveness. The investigations on the mechanism of compatibility with liquorice have been conducted accordingly. Bioactive ingredients of liquorice were able to induce the expression of CYPs, which were supported by the results obtained from HepG2 cells or other models (Chen et al., 2014; Mu et al., 2006). While human primary hepatocytes as an ideal alternative approach have also been applied in studying the impact of chemicals on expression and function of CYPs and accepted as gold standard in vitro (Gerin et al., 2013). In this study, the cryopreserved human primary hepatocytes were used to explore the potential impact of active ingredients of liquorice on expression of critical CYP enzymes. The resulting data suggested that those compounds could upregulate the expression of CYPs to various contents, even though not all were significant, since the primary hepatocytes were not able to proliferate and survive for long term. This model remained as the most reliable approach still.
Effects of glycyrrhizin on the pharmacokinetics of paeoniflorin in rats and its potential mechanism
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2019
Hongjuan Sun, Jingfeng Wang, Juan Lv
Liquorice is the root of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. or Glycyrrhiza glabra L., (Leguminosae) (Akao et al. 1994; Asl and Hosseinzadeh 2008). Liquorice has been commonly used together with other herbs to enhance the effects of other ingredients or to reduce toxicity in traditional Chinese medicine (Chen et al. 2009; Sun et al. 2013; Han et al. 2014; Bhattacharjee et al. 2015). It has been reported that the glycyrrhizin, a triterpenoid saponin that isolated from liquorice, has anti-inflammatory, hepato-protective and antitumour properties. Some research articles have indicated that the drug–drug interaction might occur when they are co-administered (Hu et al. 2003; Gao QT et al. 2004; Chen et al. 2012; Tai et al. 2014; Feng et al. 2015; Gao X et al. 2016). To the best of our knowledge, there are little data available for the effects of glycyrrhizin on the pharmacokinetics of paeoniflorin. As Chinese medicines have become more and more popular all over the world due to their natural origin, glycyrrhizin and paeoniflorin are always co-administered in clinical for the treatment of different diseases, and therefore, the drug–drug interaction between glycyrrhizin and paeoniflorin should be investigated.