China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Introduction to dermatological treatment
Published in Richard Ashton, Barbara Leppard, Differential Diagnosis in Dermatology, 2021
Richard Ashton, Barbara Leppard
Organic hydrocarbons are sub-divided by their melting points: Liquid paraffinUK/liquid petrolatumUSA is liquid at room temperature and is used in bath oils.White soft paraffinUK/petrolatumUSA is semi-solid at room temperature, but melts at body temperature, so rubs in easily.A mixture comprising equal parts of liquid paraffin and WSP is useful for covering large areas of the body with grease.Waxes have high melting points and are useful for stiffening up an ointment base.
Gastrointestinal disease
Published in Catherine Nelson-Piercy, Handbook of Obstetric Medicine, 2020
Liquid paraffin, castor oil and soap enemas should be avoided in pregnancy. Docusate sodium (dioctyl sodium sulphosuccinate), which acts as a stimulant as well as a softening agent, is safe for use in pregnancy.
Authority and Gatekeeping: 1900 to c. 1950
Published in John K. Crellin, A Social History of Medicines in the Twentieth Century, 2020
Only Sulphathiazole Ung. ointment was outside the usual boundaries of popular medical advice and self-care. Liquid paraffin was well known, though not the most popular laxative because of its tendency to seep onto underwear.
Mineral oil in food, cosmetic products, and in products regulated by other legislations
Published in Critical Reviews in Toxicology, 2019
Ralph Pirow, Annegret Blume, Nicole Hellwig, Matthias Herzler, Bettina Huhse, Christoph Hutzler, Karla Pfaff, Hermann-Josef Thierse, Tewes Tralau, Bärbel Vieth, Andreas Luch
Semi-liquid paraffin is a blend of solid and liquid qualities, comprising paraffin wax, microcrystalline wax, and a white oil (Barry and Grace 1971; van Heugten et al. 2017). Semi-liquid paraffin is also called petrolatum, Vaseline, or petroleum jelly. The Ph. Eur. categorizes semi-liquid paraffin further into white soft paraffin (Vaselinum album) and yellow soft paraffin (V. flavum). In contrast to liquid paraffin, which is based on medicinal white oil, semi-liquid paraffin can be blended from technical white oil. This explains why the attribute “saturated” is missing in the definition in the respective Monographs and why the limit values for impurities of PAHs are higher (see below). Yellow soft paraffin derives its color from base materials that are not as thoroughly purified as those used for white soft paraffin. In the USP, the corresponding qualities are termed white petrolatum and petrolatum.
Oil-entrapped ranitidine HCl beads heal peptic ulcers via local and systemic mechanisms
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2019
Sayed Ismail, Mona El-Mahdy, Noura Hassan Abd Ellah, Dina Adel Abdelmalek
Different aqueous NaAlg solutions were prepared (2, 3, and 4% w/v). Dropwise addition of liquid paraffin was done to 30 ml of NaAlg solutions. Liquid paraffin was added in different amounts ranged from 10 to 30% according to the experimental design. The alginate/paraffin mixture was stirred using a magnetic stirrer until a homogeneous emulsion was obtained. RHCL was added according to different RHCl:NaAlg ratio. While continuous stirring, HPMC was added in different ratios with NaAlg. Finally, the formed emulsion was added to the gelatin medium, which consisted of 100 ml CaCl2 solution (5% w/v). Calcium alginate beads were formed immediately. These beads were washed three times with distilled water, filtered on Whatman filter paper and then left to dry for 48 h at room temperature [20].
Microencapsulated soil conditioner with a water-soluble core: improving soil nutrition of crop root
Published in Journal of Microencapsulation, 2021
Wang Zuo, Wang Jincheng, Song Shiqiang, Rao Pinhua, Wang Runkai, Liu Shihui
The morphology and structure of MSC were presented in Figure 2. The microcapsules showed a uniform particle size and a rounded appearance (Figure 2(A,B,D)), and a shadowed sphere was contained in a transparent and a large sphere illustrating the successful formation of W/O/W structure (Figure 2(C)). As shown in Table 1, the particle size of MSC was ranged from 1.58 to 2.14 mm with a similar shape, and this was mainly relied on the concentration of liquid paraffin and also associated with the interaction between shell materials and CaCl2 (Park et al. 2001, Belscak-Cvitanovic et al.2015). The double shell material can be used to improve the encapsulated capacity of water-soluble core, and was an effective means than that of a single shell. Moreover, the quick curing method of outer layer can also be beneficial to improve the efficiency of microencapsulation. With the ratio of liquid paraffin to water grew from 2:1 to 5:1 for retaining stable W/O structure, the encapsulation efficiency was increased from 54.70% (m/m) to 87.30% (m/m). In addition, the encapsulation efficiency was increased from 70.02% (m/m) to 71.26% (m/m) with the SA content changed from 0.6 g (the minimum dosage to form capsules) to 0.8 g (the maximum solubility of SA). This meant the oil phase played the major part in conserving the core to microcapsules. The more quality of liquid paraffin (25 ml) and SA dosage (0.8 g) was used, the higher effectiveness of the microencapsulated structure. The regularity of particle size was similar to encapsulation efficiency. That is, the higher oil phase and higher SA content implied a bigger particle size. In a word, the degree of encapsulation efficiency and particle size was in direct proportion to the amount of liquid paraffin and SA.