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Medicinal Plants in Natural Health Care as Phytopharmaceuticals
Published in Anil K. Sharma, Raj K. Keservani, Surya Prakash Gautam, Herbal Product Development, 2020
It is a glaborous, much branched, deciduous shrub with 4-gonous lateral branches often ending in spines; leaves simple, opposite, entire, lanceolate; flowers white, fruit globose; the principle colouring matter is lawsone, 2-hydroxy-l: 4-naphthaquinone which is present in dried leaves, behenic, arachidic, stearic, palmitic, oleic, etc. The roots are bitter, refrigerant, depurative and diuretic and are useful in treatment of burning sensation, dipsia, leprosy, skin diseases and liver tonic. They are useful in treatment of wounds, ulcers, anti-inflammatory, diarrhoea, dysentery, scabies, boils, etc. Earlier, this plant was used as hair dye and in cosmetics. But nowadays, it is used as a medicinal plant. The leaves of this plant showed anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic, antifungal and antibacterial activity. Lawsone (2-hydroxy napthaquinone), mucilage, mannite, gallic acid and tannic acid were found to be the main chemical constituents that might be having a role in its medicinal properties (Chakkilam, 2017).
Hair Coloring
Published in Dale H. Johnson, Hair and Hair Care, 2018
Some natural colorants that have been used for dyeing hair for centuries are still in use today. The most widely used is henna, which imparts a strong orange/red-dish color to hair. While this may be good for giving red highlights to dark hair, the overall color tends to be too unnatural and brassy for gray hair. The coloring species in natural henna is lawsone, 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone [13] which occurs at concentrations of 0.5–1.0% in the plant. Other vegetable dyes such as chamomile are little used for dyeing.
Catalog of Herbs
Published in James A. Duke, Handbook of Medicinal Herbs, 2018
Seeds contain 10.6% water, 5.0% protein, 10 to 11% fatty oil, 33.6% carbohydrate, 33.6% fiber, and 4.8% ash. The oil contains 1.7% behenic, 9.6% arachidic, 15.8% stearic, 9.1% palmitic, 34.7% oleic, and 29.3% linoleic acids. Mehndi oil is high in alpha- and beta-ionones. Air-dried leaf powder contains 9.0% water, 14.8% ash, and 10.2% tannin. Gallic acid has been isolated from the leaves. The principle coloring matter is lawsone (2-hydroxy 1,4-napthaquinone), which has been used as a topical sunscreen. Also, reported are 1,4-napthoquinone, tannin, laxanthone-I and laxanthone-II, and lacoumarin. Mahmoud et al.195 isolated from the leaves luteolin, luteolin-7-O-glucoside, acacetin-7-O-glucoside, glucoside of beta-sitosterol, laxanthone-I and -II, and lawsone. Chakrabartty et al.196 isolated dihydroxy-lupene and lupane from the bark.
Recent developments concerning the application of the Mannich reaction for drug design
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery, 2018
Bernhard Biersack, Khursheed Ahmed, Subhash Padhye, Rainer Schobert
Lawsone (2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone) is a natural naphthoquinone of the Henna plant Lawsonia inermis and a suitable starting compound for the preparation of Mannich bases with anticancer, antiviral, and antibiotic properties [34–36]. For instance, Mannich bases from 2-formylpyridine such as 16a were found to be especially active (Figure 2) [36]. The hydrogen chloride salt 16b (Figure 2) displayed strong growth inhibitory activity against four cancer cell lines (IC50 = 2.9 µM for MDA-MB-435 cells, 3.0 µM for HCT-8 cells, 1.8 µM for SF-295 cells, 1.2 µM for HL-60 cells) [37]. Elongation of the alkyl amine side chain in the 2-pyridyl compounds 17a–c (Figure 2) led to increased anticancer and antiparasitic activities when compared with 16a [38]. In particular, hexadecyl derivative 17c displayed strong anticancer activity (IC50 = 1.4 µM for 518A2 melanoma cells, 2.1 µM for HCT-116 colon carcinoma cells, 0.83 µM for KB-V1/Vbl cervix carcinoma cells, 2.2 µM for Panc-1 pancreas carcinoma cells) with high tumor selectivity as well as anti-trypanosomal activity against T. b. brucei parasites (IC50 = 0.30 µM) and anti-amoebic activity (growth inhibition of 85.3% after 72 h at doses of 50 µg/mL) that was distinctly higher than the activity of the approved anti-amoebic drug metronidazole [38]. An optimized (i.e. sub-micromolar) activity against multidrug-resistant KB-V1/Vbl cervix carcinoma cells (IC50 = 0.19 µM) and PC-3 prostate carcinoma cells (IC50 < 1 µM) was observed for the ferrocene Mannich base 17d when compared with other known 2-pyridyl Mannich bases of lawsone (Figure 2) [39].
Efficacy of topical Lawsonia inermis L. (Henna) hydrogel in fluorouracil-induced hand-foot syndrome: a pilot randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial
Published in Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology, 2021
Razieh Mohajerani, Farhad Shahi, Zahra Jafariazar, Minoo Afshar
Various compounds, such as coumarins, flavonoids, naphthoquinones, naphthalene derivatives, triterpenoids, aliphatic constituents and phenolic glycosides, have been isolated from the leaves of Lawsonia inermis L8. However, 2-Hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone, generally called Lawsone, is the major constituent of Henna, which is known for its staining ability and many biological activities, including antimicrobial, macrophage stimulating, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic and reactive oxygen species inhibitory activities9,16. Therefore, quantification of Lawsone could be a suitable approach to standardize the pharmaceutical dosage forms containing Henna extracts.
In Vitro: Cytotoxicity, Apoptosis and Ameliorative Potential of Lawsonia inermis Extract in Human Lung, Colon and Liver Cancer Cell Line
Published in Cancer Investigation, 2020
Sharmeen Ishteyaque, Anjali Mishra, Sangeeta Mohapatra, Aparna Singh, Rabi S. Bhatta, Narender Tadigoppula, Madhav Nilakanth Mugale
LCMS/MS (ESI/MS) analysis of bioactive compounds in ethanolic extract of L. inermis was performed using API 4000 QTRAP mass spectroscopy (Applied Bio system, MDS Sciex, Toronto, Canada). The ethanolic extract of henna was scanned by electrospray ionization in both positive and negative modes. Continuous mass spectra were obtained by scanning the extract from 100 to 1200 m/z. Moreover, LCMS/MS method was developed and quantified for lawsone in Q1 scanning. Lawsone and its derivatives were mainly responsible for antiproliferative and cytotoxic activities (11).