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An Overview of Important Endemic Plants and Their Products in Iran
Published in Raymond Cooper, Jeffrey John Deakin, Natural Products of Silk Road Plants, 2020
Juglans regia (Figure 7.28) is a deciduous tree growing up to 20 m at a medium rate. The flowers are monoecious. The plant is self-fertile. It is suitable to grow in light (sandy), medium (loamy), and heavy (clay) soils and prefers well-drained soil. It is suitable to grow in the soil with acid, neutral, and basic (alkaline) pH. It cannot grow in the shade. It prefers moist soil. The leaves are alterative, anthelmintic, anti-inflammatory, astringent, and depurative. They are used internally in the treatment of constipation, chronic coughs, asthma, diarrhea, dyspepsia, etc. The leaves are also used to treat skin ailments and purify the blood. They are specific in the treatment of strumous sores. Male inflorescences are made into a broth and used in the treatment of coughs and vertigo. The rind is anodyne and astringent. It is used in the treatment of diarrhea and anemia. The seeds are anti-lithic, diuretic, and stimulant. They are used internally in the treatment of low back pain, frequent urination, weakness of legs, chronic cough, asthma, constipation due to dryness or anemia, and stones in the urinary tract. The oil from the seed is anthelmintic. It is also used in the treatment of menstrual problems and dry skin conditions. The cotyledons are used in the treatment of cancer. The bark and root bark are anthelmintic, astringent, and detergent (Zargari, 2014; Mozaffarian, 2011; Plant for a Future; Panth et al., 2016).
The Role of Herbal Medicines in Female Genital Infections
Published in Megh R. Goyal, Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria, Ramasamy Harikrishnan, The Role of Phytoconstitutents in Health Care, 2020
Juglans regia is characterized by its high nutritional value and human health benefits. Essential oils, flavonoids, tocopherols, and polyphenol compounds showed numerous biological activities as nutritional, antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer, which make this plant indispensable for medicinal and pharmaceutical applications [2, 34, 49]. Method of Use: 110 g of walnut seeds are added to 1 liter of water and boiled for 15 minutes, then filtered and is used as a tea two times daily [83].
Application of liquisolid technology for promoting the renoprotective efficacy of walnut extracts in chronic renal failure rat model
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2019
Sahar Youssef Al-Okbi, Doha Abdou Mohamed, Thanaa El-Sayed Hamed, Sameh Hosam Abd El-Alim, Ahmed Alaa Kassem, Dina Mahmoud Mostafa
Walnut (Juglans regia L., family Juglandaceae) is a popular food around the world. It is rich in bioactive constituents that could be utilized as nutraceuticals for the protection and use as complementary medicine in different chronic diseases. The nonpolar extract of walnut was reported to contain tocopherols, unsaturated fatty acids and phytosterols [5–7]. It contains oleic acid (C18:1), a monounsaturated fatty acid, linoleic acid (C18:2) as omega-6 fatty acid and linolenic acid (C18:3) as omega-3 fatty acid. It also contains campesterol, stigmasterol and beta-sitosterols. The polar extract is rich in phenolic compounds, the main of which is pedunculagin, an ellagitannin [5,7]. Walnut bioactive constituents were demonstrated to possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities [5,7]. Potential health role of walnut on initiation and progression of cardiovascular disease, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases were reported [5,6,8]. Walnut oil, when used in combination with other plant food extracts, has therapeutic role in adjuvant arthritis in rats [9]. In a previous work, a mixture of both the alcohol i.e. polar, and petroleum ether i.e. non polar extracts of walnut showed high safety and proved to have renoprotective effect in rat model of cisplatin induced renal dysfunction when applied at a dose level of 250 mg/kg rat body weight [7]. This dose level equals 2800 mg for 70 kg human when changing the dose from rat to human according to Paget & Barnes [10]. In spite of the health benefits of walnut extracts, the poor water solubility and incomplete absorption of its constituents leads to diminished biological effects.
Evaluating the effects of Juglans regia L. extract on hyperglycaemia and insulin sensitivity in experimental type 2 diabetes in rat
Published in Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, 2022
Metformin, which has been used for many years in the treatment of type II diabetes, is considered to be the only antidiabetic drug approved and developed from the herbal source (Galega officinalis) (Bailey and Day 2004). In addition, researches has become widespread in this field with the recognition that plant resources are less toxic and have less side effects than synthetic ones. Previous studies have also examined the efficacy of many plants in the treatment of diabetes, some of which are Capparis spinose (Mollica et al.2017a), Arctium lappa (Ahangarpour et al.2017), Allium sativum (Ziamajidi et al.2017), Taraxacum officinale (Wirngo et al.2016) and Cinnamomum cassia (Uslu et al.2018). Juglans regia L. (walnut, JR) is a plant that belongs to the Junglandaceae family (Zargari 2012). The walnut tree is found primarily in temperate regions and is commercially cultivated in the United States, Western South America, Asia and Central and Southern Europe (Pereira et al.2007). Its seeds, bark, green husk and leaves are commonly used in folk medicine because of its antidiabetic, hypoglycaemic, antioxidant, keratolytic, antifungal, hypotensive, antidiarrhoeal, anthelmintic and sedative effects (Gĩrzu et al.1998, Anderson et al.2001, Oliveira et al.2008). Phenolic compounds help reduce oxidative stress by inhibiting oxidation of macromolecules (Pulido et al.2000). Walnut leaves contain powerful antioxidants with a very high phenolic content (3-caffeoylquinic, 3-p-coumaroylquinic and 4-p-coumaroylquinic acids, quercetin 3-galactoside, quercetin 3-arabinoside, quercetin 3-xyloside, quercetin 3-rhamnoside) (Amaral et al.2005, Santos et al.2013). The main phenolic compounds in walnut leaves are naphthoquinones and flavonoids (Wichtl and Anton 1999). Mollica et al. (2017b) determined the phenolic contents of Juglans regia leaf extracts extracted by three different methods (decoction, microwave and soxhlet) by HPLC and determined that their main components are routine, catechin and 2,3-diMeO-benzoic acid. Nour et al. (2013) found that high concentrations of myricetin, catechin hydrate and routine, and lower concentrations of quercetin and epicatechin aglycones flavanoids were found in the leaves of Juglans regia by RP-HPLC method. They also found that it contains high concentration of juglone (5-hydroxynaphthoquinone) and the dominant phenolic acid is ellagic acid. Another study suggests that juglone is commercially extracted from walnut husks, but fresh J. regia leaves also contain a significant amount of juglone (Thakur 2011).