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Other Asphyxial Deaths
Published in Sudhir K. Gupta, Forensic Pathology of Asphyxial Deaths, 2022
Circumoral pallor and pallor around the nose are seen and well appreciated in adults, but it is difficult to differentiate these from contact pallor of postmortem lividity in the prone position. Moisture will be present over the face in cases where plain plastic sheets have been used and inhalants will be present in cases of inhalant abuse. Blood-stained white froth is seen in some cases wherein a struggle had ensued.
Substance Abuse during Pregnancy
Published in “Bert” Bertis Britt Little, Drugs and Pregnancy, 2022
The “fetal solvent syndrome” was observed among infants born to women who “huffed” or “sniffed” toluene, gasoline, benzene, and other aromatic liquids during pregnancy. The solvent syndrome is associated with prenatal growth retardation (low birth weight, microcephaly), dysmorphic facial features (facies) that similar to FAS, and digital malformations (short phalanges, nail hypoplasia). Gravidas who use a substance of abuse during pregnancy, including inhalants, frequently use other substances, including alcohol (ethanol). This makes it difficult to attribute effects to a single causative agent. Case reports support an independent inhalant syndrome such as toluene or gasoline, independently of concurrent use of other substances of abuse. Anecdotal evidence suggests that the fetal solvent syndrome is associated with significant mental retardation, IQs less than 70. Occupational exposure to organic solvents cannot be compared to inhalant abuse because doses in occupational exposure are much lower. A total of 14 cases of CNS abnormalities in infants whose mothers abused organic solvents during pregnancy were reported in Finnish health registry (Holmberg, 1979).
Drug Abuse Fatalities
Published in David J. George, Poisons, 2017
There is a perception that inhalant abuse is a teenage drug problem and most commonly occurs as a phase of experimentation with substance abuse. However, long-term inhalant abuse does occur and can continue into adulthood.
A rare case of intoxication related to concurrent exposure to butane gas and energy drink
Published in Journal of Substance Use, 2021
Nesrin Ceylan, Fatih Mehmet Akif Özdemir, Halil Çelik, Ebru Azapagası, Mutlu Uysal Yazıcı, Deniz Yüksel
Inhalant gas abuse is an important health problem worldwide, especially in adolescents and young adults. The possible risk factors for inhalant abuse include the young age (Evren et al., 2001), family conflicts (Frederich et al., 1997), low socioeconomic status (Corlini-Cotrim & Corlini, 1989), homelessness (Carolini-Catrim, 1995) and some jobs using volatile substances (Carolini-Catrim, 1995). Few reports in literatures indicate the possible reasons for beginning to use inhalants in adolescence (Evren et al., 2001). However, acute and chronic side effects of inhalants are generally unknown and ignored by users (Yaşan & Gürgen, 2004). The case presented here had no additional risk factors except for age and curiosity, leading to the use of inhalant without any knowledge about side effects.
Observations from a peculiar case of volatile substance dependence–A case report
Published in Journal of Addictive Diseases, 2020
Dhruv Bardolia, Urvika Parikh, Saumitra Nemlekar, Rajat Oswal
Inhalant abuse is a growing problem worldwide.13–17 Prevalence in developed countries such as the United States of America is 5 to 15% while in Canada it is at 3 to 6%.18,19 In India the prevalence is reported at 0.7% and is the only category of substances for which the prevalence of current use among children and adolescents is higher (1.17%) than adults (0.58%).20 Most of the research from India showed the demographic concentration in males ranging from adolescent to young adult ages.5,21–24 An earlier research in school students from India found a higher 1-year prevalence of 4% for use of inhalants.25 Multiple studies from India have found high rates of inhalant use, among other substances, in street children.26–28
Multi-Organ System Injury from Inhalant Abuse
Published in Prehospital Emergency Care, 2019
H. Evan Dingle, Saralyn R. Williams
Commonly abused volatile hydrocarbons are divided into several categories based on their chemical structure. Examples of aliphatic (straight chain) hydrocarbons include propane, butane, and gasoline. These may be found in bottled fuel and cigarette lighter fluid. The alkyl halides, which contain fluorinated or chlorinated hydrocarbons, are often used as propellants in aerosol cans, but are also found in refrigerants (Freon), paint strippers, and the dry cleaning industry. DFE is an example of this class of hydrocarbons. The aromatic (cyclic) hydrocarbons, such as toluene and benzene, are found in paint thinners, glues, paint sprays, varnishes, and other adhesives. Some less commonly abused hydrocarbons include nitrites, which may be found in air fresheners, as well as ethers and ketones, which are common in nail polish remover, adhesives, and paint (4). The presence of the aforementioned substances at the scene may suggest inhalant abuse.