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Biobased Products for Viral Diseases
Published in Mahendra Rai, Chistiane M. Feitosa, Eco-Friendly Biobased Products Used in Microbial Diseases, 2022
Gleice Ribeiro Orasmo, Giovanna Morghanna Barbosa do Nascimento, Maria Gabrielly de Alcântara Oliveira, Jéssica Missilany da Costa
Illicium verum H. (Fig. 6.5), popularly known as star anise, Chinese anise, Siberian anise, badian or Chinese fennel, is a plant native to China and Vietnam. It is considered a spice for medicinal and culinary use. It has an aroma identical to anise because it contains the same oil, although it is stronger.
Monographs of essential oils that have caused contact allergy / allergic contact dermatitis
Published in Anton C. de Groot, Monographs in Contact Allergy, 2021
Illicium verum Hook. f. is an aromatic evergreen tree that grows up to 15 meter tall. It is native to southern China and Vietnam and is cultivated mainly in these countries. The tree can also be found in Jamaica, Laos, Philippines, Korea, Japan, and Taiwan (10). Star anise, the star-shaped dried composite fruit of Illicium verum, is widely used in Chinese (as an ingredient of the traditional five-spice powder of Chinese cooking), Indian, Malaysian and Indonesian cuisines and also in the production of alcoholic beverages such as sambuca, pastis and some types of absinthe (1,2,3,4,5,8, 9,10). Star anise is also very important in Chinese traditional medicine (1,2,4,7). Furthermore, star anise is the industrial source of shikimic acid, a primary ingredient used to create the antiviral drug, oseltamivir phosphate which is regarded as a remedy for the bird flu H5N1 strain of virus (1,2).
Croton zehntneri: Essential Oils and Inclusion Complex
Published in Mahendra Rai, Shandesh Bhattarai, Chistiane M. Feitosa, Ethnopharmacology of Wild Plants, 2021
Lorenna Fonseca, Mahendra Rai, Sidney Gonçalo de Lima
Anethole (Figure 16.2) is found in spices and herbs, such as anise, fennel, lemongrass, coriander, etc., and is the main component of the essential oils of Illicium verum and Foeniculum vulgare (Domiciano et al. 2013, Diao et al. 2014). Studies show that anethole has antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties (Kubo et al. 2008, Huang et al. 2010, Sá et al. 2017), and is thus widely used as a flavoring agent in sweets and alcoholic beverages; in addition, it is capable of inhibiting the growth of pathogens, and can be used as a natural preservative (Zafeiropoulou et al. 2010, Kfoury et al. 2014, 2016a, b, Gharib et al. 2017).
LSD1 inhibitors for anticancer therapy: a patent review (2017-present)
Published in Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents, 2022
Yi-Xin Lv, Sheng Tian, Zhou-Dong Zhang, Tao Feng, Huan-Qiu Li
Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge is a commonly used drug which can promote blood circulation and remove blood stasis. Besides, it is used to treat cardiovascular diseases, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, and other diseases. Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge contains tanshinone with anti-tumor activity, which can inhibit the proliferation of tumor cells, and promote the apoptosis and differentiation of tumor cells [82–85]. Lin et al. established a target separation countercurrent chromatography technique to isolate LSD1 inhibitors from zedoary turmeric oil and obtained four sesquiterpene-based LSD1 inhibitors. Compound Salvianolic acid B (47) and Tanshinone IIA (48) expressed high inhibitory activity against LSD1, with IC50 values of 0.11 μM and 1.20 μM, respectively. Furthermore, Salvianolic acid B could dose-dependently inhibit MDA-MB-231 cell migration with an IC50 value of 54.98 μM [86]. The two hydroxyl groups of compound 47 formed hydrogen bond interactions with Asp555, and Asn535, according to molecular docking of LSD1 with compound 47 (Figure 16). Zhang et al. extracted compound 49 with a similar structure from Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz, which also had a good inhibitory effect on LSD1 [87]. These compounds offer a template for designing more LSD1 inhibitors with potential antitumor activity. In 2021, a series of novel natural LSD1 inhibitors were extracted from Illicium verum by Wang et al. Among them, compounds 50 and 51 displayed satisfied LSD1 inhibitory activity and s antitumor effect [88].
An Overview of Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Emphasis on Dietary Products and Herbal Remedies
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2022
Deepa S. Mandlik, Satish K. Mandlik
Saffron is obtained from the dried stigmas of the Crocus sativus L. plant that is frequently used as a spice and food colorant. It has been suggested as a possible cancer cure. Saffron had an IC50 of 950 g/mL against HepG2 cells. Saffron inhibited cancer cell viability via apoptosis, but not through the generation of ROS (99). The induction of apoptosis in saffron treated rats following DEN treatment. Saffron also decreased tumor load and oxidative destruction in the liver tissue, as well as suppressing inflammatory responses (100). In Asian countries, star anise (Illicium verum) is commonly used as a spice and condiment. The treatment of star anise at the promotion phase of a DEN/phenobarbital induced liver cancer model showed anticancer activity in the rat liver tissue. The treatment reduced tumor load (nodule incidence, liver size, weight and volume), reduced oxidative burden by restoration of superoxide dismutase and increased glutathione-S-transferase detoxifying enzymes (101). Galagin, a flavonol derived from Alpinia officinarum popularly used as a spice has been shown to promote apoptosis in HCC cells through stimulation of caspase-8 and Bid (102). The diarylheptanoids obtained from the A. officinarum roots were also cytotoxic to HepG2 liver cancer cells (103).
Herbal and Natural Dietary Products: Upcoming Therapeutic Approach for Prevention and Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2021
Deepa S. Mandlik, Satish K. Mandlik
Illicium verum is an evergreen aromatic tree usually identified as Chinese star anise (63). The key components present in I. verum are monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids, phenylpropanoids, essential oils, lignans and flavonoids (64). It also has antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-convulsant antifungal, analgesic, sedative and insecticidal role (65). Many studies documented its cytotoxic effect as well. This showed various pathways that involve cell death, such as apoptosis activation, free radicals scavenging and inhibition of tumor metastasis (66). Alcoholic extract of I. verum has been documented to have substantial antiproliferative activity in-vitro. Related in-vitro types of research also revealed a pronounced inhibition of cell proliferation by its alcoholic extract by encouraging apoptosis, growth inhibition and modulating the expression of the pro-apoptotic gene such as Bax and p53 (67). In the model of liver cancer, the cytotoxic activity of I. verum extract was tested, showing a positive outcome of anticancer in rat hepatic tissue with substantial tumor load change (size, multiplicity, volume, and tumor incidence). It also has up-regulated phase II detoxification enzymes and lowered oxidative stress by restoring superoxide dismutase activity (68).