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Monographs of fragrance chemicals and extracts that have caused contact allergy / allergic contact dermatitis
Published in Anton C. de Groot, Monographs in Contact Allergy, 2021
Anethole is a colorless to pale yellow liquid to solid; its odor type is licorice and its odor at 100% is described as ‘sweet anise licorice medicinal’ (www.thegoodscentscompany.com). Anethole occurs naturally in anise, star anise, and fennel oils, and chickpea seed and is used as a flavor ingredient (U.S. National Library of Medicine). trans-Anethole can be purified from star anise oil (2).
Croton zehntneri: Essential Oils and Inclusion Complex
Published in Mahendra Rai, Shandesh Bhattarai, Chistiane M. Feitosa, Ethnopharmacology of Wild Plants, 2021
Lorenna Fonseca, Mahendra Rai, Sidney Gonçalo de Lima
Anethole (Figure 16.2) is found in spices and herbs, such as anise, fennel, lemongrass, coriander, etc., and is the main component of the essential oils of Illicium verum and Foeniculum vulgare (Domiciano et al. 2013, Diao et al. 2014). Studies show that anethole has antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties (Kubo et al. 2008, Huang et al. 2010, Sá et al. 2017), and is thus widely used as a flavoring agent in sweets and alcoholic beverages; in addition, it is capable of inhibiting the growth of pathogens, and can be used as a natural preservative (Zafeiropoulou et al. 2010, Kfoury et al. 2014, 2016a, b, Gharib et al. 2017).
Chemistry of Essential Oils
Published in K. Hüsnü Can Başer, Gerhard Buchbauer, Handbook of Essential Oils, 2020
Oxygenation in the p-position of cinnamic acid followed by methylation of the phenol and reduction of the acid to alcohol with subsequent elimination of the alcohol gives estragole (also known as methyl chavicol (52) and anethole (53)). Estragole is found in a variety of oils, mostly herb oils such as basil, tarragon, chervil, fennel, clary sage, anise, and rosemary. Anethole occurs in both the (E)- and (Z)-forms, the more thermodynamically stable (E)-isomer (shown in Figure 6.10) is the commoner, the (Z)-isomer is the more toxic of the two. Anethole is found in spices and herbs such as anise, fennel, lemon balm, coriander, and basil and also in flower oils such as ylang ylang and lavender.
GC-MS metabolites profiling of anethole-rich oils by different extraction techniques: antioxidant, cytotoxicity and in-silico enzymes inhibitory insights
Published in Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 2022
Dina M. El-Kersh, Nada M. Mostafa, Shaimaa Fayez, Tarfah Al-Warhi, Mohammed A. S. Abourehab, Wagdy M. Eldehna, Mohamed A. Salem
Anise oil is similarly rich in trans-anethole (75%–90%) and other constituents including coumarin (i.e. umbelliferone), sterols, and some flavonoids7. In general, several factors were reported to affect the yield percentage of oil constituents, among them the extraction process8. In Anise oil, trans-anethole varied as per the extraction procedures implemented. This in turn affects the overall biological activity since the n-hexane extract of star anise displayed more significant antimicrobial effect than that obtained by steam distillation9,10. Furthermore, the oil extracted with ethanol assisted by microwaves showed stronger antioxidant activity than the one extracted by the same solvent in Soxhlet7.
The possible protective role of pimpinella anisum oil versus selenium on aspartame induced changes in rat cerebellar cortex: histological, immunohistochemical and electron microscopic study
Published in Ultrastructural Pathology, 2022
Amira I. Shrief, Ahmed A.M Abdel-Hamid, Am Moustafa, E. El-Mohandes
Pimpinella anisum (P. anisum) is a natural herb.8 The fruit of the plant is known as yansoon, the seeds contain 1.5–6% anisum oil. The main constituent of the anisum oil is Trans-anethole.9 Anisum oil has antioxidant ability, which attacks reactive oxygen species and neutralizes their effect on tissue.10 In addition, the aniseeds contain polyphenols compounds that donate electrons and react with free radicals, converting them into more stable products and terminating the free radical-chain reaction.11,12 It is also used in the treatment of convulsion and epilepsy. Moreover, it is used as analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and bronchodilator agent. Furthermore, anisum oil has a hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effect in diabetic patient.13
The application of anethole, menthone, and eugenol in transdermal penetration of valsartan: Enhancement and mechanistic investigation
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2016
Abdul Ahad, Mohd. Aqil, Asgar Ali
In this study, we demonstrated that valsartan was penetrated into rat skin quickly. Anethole enhanced the permeation of valsartan significantly (p < 0.05). Anethole was the most effective terpene enhancer for the permeation of the drug followed by menthone. Eugenol was the least effective terpene enhancer. The lipophilicity of the enhancers seems an important factor in promoting penetration of valsartan which is a highly lipophilic drug, through the skin. Taken together, these results indicate that anethole is effective enhancer of the flux of valsartan, and the transdermal system containing anethole has potential application as a new transdermal therapeutic system for the management of hypertension.