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Role of Plant-Based Bioflavonoids in Combating Tuberculosis
Published in Megh R. Goyal, Durgesh Nandini Chauhan, Assessment of Medicinal Plants for Human Health, 2020
Alka Pawar, Yatendra Kumar Satija
Quercetin is comprised of the flavonol backbone (three carbon of the central ring is hydroxylated) along with two other hydroxylations on the outer ring. Removal of one of these hydroxyl groups generates kaempferol, which is the backbone for the icariin (active metabolite of Horny goat weed). Another metabolite, isorhamnetin is generated if the removed group gets substituted with a methoxy group.
Flavonoids with Preclinical Antidepressant-Like Effects
Published in Scott Mendelson, Herbal Treatment of Major Depression, 2019
Icariin is a flavonol glycoside from horny goat weed and other species of Epimedium. Some of the antidepressant-like effects of icariin are described in Chapter 7 in the discussion of horny goat weed. For example, icariin reversed the depression-like behavior of rats that had experienced chronic unpredictable stress. This effect of icariin was due in part to its anti-inflammatory effects. It dampened activation of the hippocampal NLRP3 inflammasome/caspase-1/IL-1β axis, and thus decreased levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and NF-κB.44 Icariin also attenuated glucocorticoid-induced depression in rats. It restored sucrose intake, decreased immobility time in the forced swim test, and increased levels of BDNF in the hippocampus.45
Icariin restrains NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated Th2 immune responses and ameliorates atopic dermatitis through modulating a novel lncRNA MALAT1/miR-124-3p axis
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2023
Wei Zhao, Huan-Huan Yu, Wei-Wei Meng, Ai-Min Liu, Bu-Xin Zhang, Ying Wang, Jie Li, Li Wang, Yu-Fu Fang
Traditional Chinese medicine has shown good efficacy and fewer side effects in the treatment of various chronic diseases, including AD (Lee et al. 2019; Zhao et al. 2021; Zheng et al. 2021). Icariin, the main active ingredient of the plant Epimedium brevicornum Maxim (Berberidaceae) species, is an 8-prenyl flavonoid glycoside compound. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that icariin has the activities of immunomodulation, anti-inflammation, anti-aging and antitumour (El-Shitany and Eid 2019; Song et al. 2020; Sun et al. 2021), and may have improvement effects on diseases related to nervous system, immune, endocrine, cardiovascular system and bone (Jin J et al. 2019; Zhang et al. 2021; Wang G et al. 2022). Notably, icariin is proved to have immunoadjuvant activity that can enhance Th1-immune response, and is suggested to be beneficial for the treatment of Th1/Th2-disordered diseases (Rhew and Han 2012). A few studies have confirmed that icariin can modulate balance of Th1/Th2 cytokines to mitigate airway inflammation in asthmatic rats (Xu et al. 2011; Wang J et al. 2014). Additionally, an animal study showed that icariin inhibits the inflammation of AD by regulating the skin hypothalamus pituitary adrenal axis (Kong et al. 2019). This evidence prompted us that icariin might improve Th2 response to restrain AD development.
Nanotherapy for bone repair: milk-derived small extracellular vesicles delivery of icariin
Published in Drug Delivery, 2023
Xinxin Yu, Ming Dong, Lina Wang, Qian Yang, Long Wang, Wenqing Han, Juhong Dong, Tingjiao Liu, Ying Kong, Weidong Niu
Bone defects can be formed for many reasons, such as trauma, tumor, inflammation, etc., while advanced resorption, damage and tooth loss in the alveolar bone due to periapical infection can lead to severe bone defects in the craniomaxillofacial region, resulting in deformity and dysfunction (Kinoshita & Maeda, 2013). With growing research on traditional Chinese medicine, studies have shown that icariin (ICA) might play an important role in bone remodeling by promoting bone formation and inhibiting inflammation (Wang et al., 2018). The pharmacological database and analysis platform of the traditional Chinese medicine system (TCMSP) also shows that the bioavailability of ICA is low at approximately 41.58% (Xu et al., 2017). Drug delivery has been a hot topic of research for many years, and researchers are envisaging fine designs to provide drug delivery vehicles (Li et al., 2021; Tian et al., 2022). Therefore, to change the hydrophobicity and utility of ICA, researchers have investigated nanomaterials to load ICA, which may lead to toxicity and biocompatibility problems. Therefore, a more advantageous and cost-effective natural drug delivery system is required to load ICA.
Effects of Bushen Yiyuan recipe on testosterone synthesis in Leydig cells of rats with exercise-induced low serum testosterone levels
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2022
Yirong Wang, Xiyang Peng, Zhihong Zhou, Changfa Tang, Wenfeng Liu
The major ingredients in BYR were analyzed by HPLC chromatogram. As shown in Figure 1, the chromatographic peaks 1, 2, 8, 9, 10 and 11 were characteristic peaks of ginsenoside. Therefore, according to the external standard method, each pill of BYR contained 43.57 mg of total ginsenoside. The chromatographic peak 3, 4, 5 6, and 7 were characteristic peaks of Epimedii folium extract (EFE), among which the chromatographic peak 7 represents icariin. Icariin has the largest peak area compared with the other four characteristic peaks. According to the external standard method, each pill of BYR contained 5.03 mg of icariin. The correlation coefficient was 0.9999, indicating the consistence of quality among the mixed standard and BYR extract, and demonstrating that BYR was produced consistently with good quality.