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Current Perspectives and Methods for the Characterization of Natural Medicines
Published in Rohit Dutt, Anil K. Sharma, Raj K. Keservani, Vandana Garg, Promising Drug Molecules of Natural Origin, 2020
Muthusamy Ramesh, Arunachalam Muthuraman, Nallapilai Paramakrishnan, Balasubramanyam I. Vishwanathan
HPLC is employed in analytical chemistry and bioanalytical chemistry to isolate, separate, quantify, and characterize the constituents from the mixture. The advantages of HPLC include faster separation, higher resolution, and reproducibility. Bertelli et al. employed HPLC techniques in association with nuclear-magnetic-resonance spectroscopy (NMR) to characterize the bioactive constituents from Humuluslupulus L. (hop). The method quantitatively estimated prenylflavonoids and bitter acids in the commercially available hop. The accuracy of the HPLC method was compared with the NMR technique. The method developed by Bertelli et al. was suggested to be applicable in the quality control of hop plant material and hop-based products (Bertelli et al., 2018). The HPLC based characterized marine constituents are listed in Table 2.2.
Herbs with Antidepressant Effects
Published in Scott Mendelson, Herbal Treatment of Major Depression, 2019
The neuropathology of Alzheimer’s disease is exacerbated by diabetes, insulin resistance, and over-activation of GSK-3β. Those factors can also contribute to MDD.14 In evaluating the effects of Psoralea corylifolia in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease it was found that the total prenylflavonoid extraction from the herb significantly improved cognitive performance of mice in a mouse model of the disease. This extract of glycogen synthase inhibited GSK-3β in brain tissue, as well as decreasing the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNFα, IL-6, and IL-1β.15
Antagonizing effect of icaritin on apoptosis and injury of hippocampal neurocytes induced by amyloid beta via GR/BDNF signaling pathway
Published in Journal of Receptors and Signal Transduction, 2020
Congfeng Tang, Xuejiao Liu, Hailing Zhu, Quan Lu
ICA is a natural ingredient from epimedium sagittatum maxim, and its neuroprotective effects of have been increasingly confirmed [16]. As a derivative of prenylflavonoid, ICA has anti-oxidative and estrogenic activities [25–27]. Our results showed that the Aβ-induced neurocyte injury characterized by decreased cell viability, promoted LDH release, and suppressed SOD activity in HT22 cells, but ICA attenuated the effect of Aβ-induced neurocyte injury. In Wang’s research, ICA in primary cultured rat neuronal cells induced by amyloid protein protects neurons by enhancing cell activity and inhibiting LDH release, which is consistent with our findings [16]. We also detected that ICA alleviated the promotive effect of Aβ25–35 on the apoptosis of HT22 cells, which is consistent with the results in Zhang’s [13]. Hence, our study reaffirmed the viability increasing and LDH release inhibiting effects of ICA in mice hippocampal neurocytes.
Cinnamic acid derivatives: inhibitory activity against Escherichia coli β-glucuronidase and structure–activity relationships
Published in Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 2020
Xing-Nuo Li, Lu-Xia Hua, Tao-Shun Zhou, Ke-Bo Wang, Yuan-Yuan Wu, Mahmoud Emam, Xiao-Ze Bao, Jun Chen, Bin Wei
Natural products have received more attention in recent decades, and a wide range of bioactive compounds are in preclinical and clinical trials for treating different diseases. For instance, the herbal concoctions Hange-shashin-to, Sairei-to, and Shengjiang Xiexin are used to treat diarrhoea and acute gastroenteritis and protect against CPT-11 toxicity11–14. Natural substances derived from edible herbs and fruits, such as prenylflavonoids and flavonoids, also inhibit EcGUS15–17. Moreover, cinnamic acid derivatives (CADs) are widely found in vegetables, fruits, and medicinal plants and have multiple biological activities, such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties18,19. Therefore, these compounds are potential candidates for developing EcGUS inhibitors. To the best of our knowledge, this promising area has been little explored.
Glucuronidation of icaritin by human liver microsomes, human intestine microsomes and expressed UDP-glucuronosyltransferase enzymes: identification of UGT1A3, 1A9 and 2B7 as the main contributing enzymes
Published in Xenobiotica, 2018
Li Wang, Xiaodan Hong, Zhihong Yao, Yi Dai, Guoping Zhao, Zifei Qin, Baojian Wu, Frank J. Gonzalez, Xinsheng Yao
Prenylflavonoids are reported to be a group of major active constituents present in genus Epimedium for several significant activities (Ma et al., 2011). Icaritin is the common flavonoid aglycone of these prenylflavonoids with many biological effects, such as anti-osteoporosis activities (Chen et al., 2013; Peng et al., 2013). Besides, icaritin could induce cell death in activated hepatic stellate cells through mitochondrial activated apoptosis and ameliorate the development of liver fibrosis in rats (Li et al., 2011). Meanwhile, icaritin has neuroprotective effects against MPP+-induced toxicity in MES23.5 cells. IGF-I receptor mediated activation of PI3K/Akt and MEK/ERK1/2 pathways are involved in the neuroprotective effects of icaritin against MPP+-induced neuronal damage (Jiang et al., 2016). Additionally, icaritin is able to target androgen receptor and androgen receptor COOH-terminal truncated splice variants, to inhibit androgen receptor signaling and tumor growth with no apparent toxicity (Sun et al., 2015). Recently, icaritin had been shown as a potential agent for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (Liao et al., 2016).