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Ion Beam Analysis: Analytical Applications
Published in Vlado Valković, Low Energy Particle Accelerator-Based Technologies and Their Applications, 2022
As an example, we shall briefly discuss the problem of profiling hydrogen in materials. The presence of hydrogen in some materials is known to have dramatic effects on the properties of these materials. For example, the presence of hydrogen in steel can cause “hydrogen embrittlement”, and the bombardment of many metals with high fluxes of low-energy hydrogen can result in the formation of blisters and the spalling away of macroscopic pieces of material. Many of these phenomena are poorly understood because there has not been available a technique with which to measure the concentration of hydrogen as a function of depth in the material. Even such fundamental quantities as the range of penetration of low-energy hydrogen into materials and the mobility of hydrogen in solids have not been carefully studied because of the lack of an analytical method.
Aircraft Decontamination and Mitigation
Published in Brian J. Lukey, James A. Romano, Salem Harry, Chemical Warfare Agents, 2019
William T. Greer Jr., Angela M.G. Theys, William R. Davis, Kenneth J. Heater
Although the aircraft community views these issues as a major obstacle, it has been suggested that the cost of replacing or repairing the damaged items pales in comparison to the cost of replacing the airframe. However, the greatest concern with mVHP is the potential for hydrogen embrittlement in high-strength steels, which existed at all concentrations tested. Hydrogen embrittlement can result in failures of some components using high-strength steel. While the effects of mVHP may be mitigated by masking (sealing) susceptible materials, such as landing gear, this has not yet been demonstrated in a field application.
From laboratory tests to field trials: a review of cathodic protection and microbially influenced corrosion
Published in Biofouling, 2022
A. A. Thompson, J. L. Wood, E. A. Palombo, W. K. Green, S. A. Wade
While applying more negative potentials appears necessary to prevent SRB-induced corrosion, doing so runs the risk of inducing other types of corrosion damage. The main threat lies in inducing HE of steels by over protection (Kim et al. 2003). Potentials found to be effective for SRB corrosion are well above recommended polarization levels and enter the range that can possibly induce HE (ISO 2017). The risk of HE has been highlighted in many papers showing that very negative potentials are indeed a problem, but also that the presence of SRB appears to increase the rate of hydrogen uptake into the steel (Domżalicki et al. 2007; Lunarska et al. 2007; Wang et al. 2017; Wu et al. 2020). Details of studies of the potential for hydrogen embrittlement in relation to SRB and CP can be found in Table 5.