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Case 2.12
Published in Monica Fawzy, Plastic Surgery Vivas for the FRCS(Plast), 2023
You’ve mentioned osseointegration – what is that?This is the formation of a direct interface between an implant and bone without intervening soft tissue, with a histological appearance of a functional ankylosis. The process involves:an initial incorporation with interlocking between the bone and the implant body, followed bybiological fixation through continuous bone apposition and remodelling towards the implant.Titanium was first used in this process described by Branemark, as it is:highly biocompatible,it lacks an inflammatory response in the peri-implant tissues,it has an oxide layer which protects against corrosion, as well asporous surfaces that increase the tensile strength of the bond via bone ingrowth.
A 15-Year Study of Osseointegrated Implants in the Treatment of the Edentulous Jaw
Published in Niall MH McLeod, Peter A Brennan, 50 Landmark Papers every Oral & Maxillofacial Surgeon Should Know, 2020
Many aspects of the treatment protocol described in this publication are currently still being used. First, the concept of screw-shaped titanium implants is still vital. Since 1981, many changes in the titanium screw-shaped implants have been proposed with regard to diameter, length, thread, abutment and prosthetic connections, type of alloy, and surface characteristics. They all have been extensively reviewed in clinical practice and have led to a further improvement of implant survival and aesthetics and a decline in mechanical complications.
Sensing of Magnetic Nanoparticles for Sentinel Lymph Nodes Biopsy
Published in Shoogo Ueno, Bioimaging, 2020
Masaki Sekino, Moriaki Kusakabe
Alongside the magnetic probe, we have also developed non-magnetic titanium retractors. Different from stainless steel, which is commonly used for surgical instruments, titanium is fully non-magnetic and therefore does not interfere with measurements performed by the magnetic probe. An additional benefit is that titanium is lighter than stainless steel. To prevent detection errors by the magnetic probe, we have used non-magnetic titanium to manufacture retractors to keep the surgical field open. The reasons we have not used plastic are the selection of a material that has excellent strength and that biocompatibility is difficult. Titanium instruments are light, and titanium has lately been used in the development of a wide range of instruments for use in MRI-guided surgery, including in the ophthalmology field. However, since few of the relatively large surgical instruments used in common surgeries are available in titanium, we have developed new titanium retractors. These retractors have already been used in clinical research and their usefulness have been confirmed.
Sol-gel dip-coated TiO2 nanofilms reduce heat production in titanium alloy implants produced by microwave diathermy
Published in International Journal of Hyperthermia, 2023
Zheng Wei, Ziwei Zhang, Xianxuan Feng, Yun Cai, Jiajia Yang, Zikai Hua, Yuehong Bai, Yiming Xu
With the development of material science, titanium alloy has gradually replaced stainless steel and other metals in orthopedics. Titanium is a material with low electrical and thermal conductivity, and its heat production under microwave irradiation is significantly lower than that of other metals (such as stainless steel and cobalt-nickel alloy), which allows patients with titanium alloy implant (TAI) to undergo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination. Moreover, we recently found that a single low-dose (20 W∼40 W) 2450 MHz microwave irradiation of the femurs of rabbits fixed with titanium alloy for 15 min increases the temperature of the deep muscles near TAI by 4.50 ± 0.21 °C compared to baseline, with a peak temperature below 42 °C [11]. The follow-up study also found that the low dose (25 W) of 2450 MHz microwave irradiation for one month on the rabbit femur fixed by titanium alloy did not cause thermal injury to the peripheral nerve and muscle tissue [12]. Therefore, we believe that low-dose 2450 MHz MD can be applied to TAIs under experimental animal conditions. However, it is also well known that MD at moderate to high doses can cause thermal injury to the tissue surrounding the implant [13]. Thus, the question is whether there is another way further increase the dose of microwave irradiation while reducing the heat production of TAIs.
The dose-dependent impact of γ-radiation reinforced with backscatter from titanium on primary human osteoblasts
Published in Biomaterial Investigations in Dentistry, 2023
Lisa Printzell, Janne Elin Reseland, Nina Frederike Jeppesen Edin, Hanna Tiainen, Jan Eirik Ellingsen
Validated protocols for primary placement of dental implants are necessary in order to increase the potential for restoring oral function and aesthetics in head and neck cancer patients at an early phase. To achieve this goal, knowledge about how radiation backscatter from titanium influences the cells involved in the osseointegration process is fundamental. Osteoblasts play an essential role in bone regeneration and remodeling, and thus, in the osseointegration of dental implants [35]. While a previous report showed that the escalated radiation dose caused by backscatter from titanium did not influence the response of human mesenchymal stem cells significantly [34], OBs have demonstrated a radiation dose-dependent reduction in cell attachment and proliferation [36,37]. However, in vitro studies investigating the effects of irradiation on human OBs cultured on titanium are very limited.
Suspected allergy to titanium after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion using a Zero-P device: a case report
Published in British Journal of Neurosurgery, 2023
Changgui Shi, Yanhai Xi, Bin Sun, Hailong He, Jiankun Wen, Yushan Ruan, Xiaojian Ye
Among the commonly used materials, titanium may provoke few allergic symptoms due to its compatibility with human bodies and high corrosion-resistance.5 Therefore, titanium has been widely used.3,7 However, the titanium implant used in surgery is not completely pure and contains a small amount of other metals (e.g. aluminum, vanadium, beryllium, cobalt, chromium, copper, iron, and nickel).16 Based on previous evidence, the most important allergens include nickel, cobalt, chromium, and bone cement.3 Thus, it could be metals other than titanium in alloys that cause allergic reactions. In this case, the titanium alloys were made from Ti6Al4V and Ti-6Al-7Nb which contain iron, aluminum, vanadium, and niobium, any of which may have caused the reactions observed in this patient.