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Common Office Tests and Procedures for the Allergist
Published in Pudupakkam K Vedanthan, Harold S Nelson, Shripad N Agashe, PA Mahesh, Rohit Katial, Textbook of Allergy for the Clinician, 2021
Prior to skin testing, a positive and a negative control should be placed. Some offices choose to check the controls prior to skin testing, whereas others perform allergen testing concurrently with the controls. For the positive control, a 10 mg/mL histamine dihydrochloride control is placed on the skin and pricked with a needle. The positive histamine control must have a wheal ≥ 3 mm surrounded by erythema for it to be considered valid. A 50% glycerinated human serum albumin–saline solution is generally used for the negative control.
Skin Testing in Drug Hypersensitivity
Published in Kirsti Kauppinen, Kristiina Alanko, Matti Hannuksela, Howard Maibach, Skin Reactions to Drugs, 2020
In an intradermal test (IDT), approximately 0.02 ml of test solution is injected superficially into the dermis giving a 3-mm bleb. The most diluted test extracts are 1.000 to 10.000 times weaker than those used in SPT. The concentration is increased tenfold until a weal of at least 5 mm is produced or the test is considered to be negative. Histamine dihydrochloride, 0.01 mg/ml, is used as the positive control and the diluent as the negative control.15 Dermographism disturbs ID testing less than SPT or scratch testing.
Leukemias
Published in Pat Price, Karol Sikora, Treatment of Cancer, 2020
Several trials have assessed the role of “maintenance” therapy using lower doses of cytotoxic drugs for longer periods of time, hypomethylating agents (HMAs), immunotherapy, and targeted therapies in a randomized setting. Until recently, with the sole exception of a small study including recombinant interleukin (IL)2/histamine dihydrochloride, the results were not considered robust enough for maintenance therapy to be incorporated in the general treatment algorithms.21 In this regard, two recent prospective randomized trials that tested the use of an HMA in adult patients with high-risk AML are of interest. The HOVON97 study tested the use of intravenous or subcutaneous administration of azacytidine for a maximum of 12 months in patients >60 years of age with high-risk cytogenetics and found an improved disease-free survival (DFS) but not overall survival (OS) benefit in patients who were MRD negative compared with those who were MRD positive; the QUAZAR AML-001 study tested an oral azacytidine in patients aged 55 to 86 years and found a statistically significant improvement in OS. Further studies are ongoing and exploring the use of FLT3 and IDH 1/2 inhibitors in risk-adapted approaches using ELN MRD guidelines.22
Chitosan-coated alginate (CCA) nanoparticles for augmentation of topical antihistaminic activity of diphenhydramine: in-vitro optimization, skin histopathology and pharmacodynamic studies with in vitro/in vivo correlation
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2023
Sandy N. Aziz, Alia A. Badawy, Demiana I. Nessem, Nevine S. Abd El Malak, Marianne J. Naguib
A preliminary study mainly was conducted to determine the histamine injection concentration required to produce enough visible wheal on the skin as an allergic reaction to intradermal histamine injection [48]. The rats were accommodated for a week in pairs under controlled environmental circumstances (temperature 25 ± 2 °C 12and -h light cycles) [46]. All rats were fed on a conventional laboratory diet with free access to water. Depilatory cream (EVA, Egypt) was smeared for 15 min on the rat dorsal side two days before the trial and then carefully removed with an electric razor (Moser, Germany) to guarantee complete hair removal [32,49]. To induce hypersensitivity, different histamine dihydrochloride concentrations (10, 50, 100, and 200 mg/mL) prepared in sterile saline solution were injected (0.1 ml) using a diabetic insulin syringe intradermally into the rate dorsal side. After 5 min of histamine injection, the classic allergic wheal appeared. After 10 min, the diameter of the wheal was measured [49], and the area was computed using the law:
Novel lipid–polymer hybrid nanoparticles incorporated in thermosensitive in situ gel for intranasal delivery of terbutaline sulphate
Published in Journal of Microencapsulation, 2020
Soha Mohamed, Mohamed Nasr, Abeer Salama, Hanan Refai
Terbutaline sulphate was kindly supplied by Medizen Pharmaceutical Industries (Alexandria, Egypt). Chitosan (low Mw, viscosity, 20 cps, degree of deacetylation 85%) was purchased from Aldrich Chemical Company (Stingham, Germany). Pectin, chloroform, disodium hydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and acetic acid were purchased from El Nasr Pharmaceutical Company (Cairo, Egypt). Soy phosphatidylcholine was purchased from Aldrich Chemical Company (St. Loius, MO) and stearylamine from Sigma Chemical Company (St. Loius, MO). Poloxamer 407 (Pluronic F-127) was obtained from BASF (Ludwigshafen, Germany). Histamine dihydrochloride was purchased from Himedia (Mumbai, India). Absolute ethanol was kindly supplied from Al-Alamia (Cairo, Egypt). All other reagents were of analytical grade. Cellophane membrane (Spectra/PorV®Membrane, molecular porous MWCO: 6–8000) was purchased from Spectrum Laboratories (Los Angeles, USA).
FLT3LG - a biomarker reflecting clinical responses to the immunogenic cell death inducer oxaliplatin
Published in OncoImmunology, 2020
Jonathan G. Pol, Julie Le Naour, Guido Kroemer
Second, ICD-inducing chemotherapies have demonstrated a positive interaction with immunotherapies. T cell activation consecutive to ICD sensitizes to immunotherapy with checkpoint blockade or interleukin (IL)-2.11–14 A clinical trial compared two consolidation treatments in acute myeloid leukemia. These regimens consisted of dual immunotherapy with IL-2 + histamine dihydrochloride after cytarabine-based chemotherapy comprising or not the ICD inducer DAU. Interestingly, higher levels of circulating effector memory CD8+ T cells at the beginning of immunotherapy, together with extended survival, were observed in subjects that received the anthracycline DAU.11 Moreover, a Phase II trial enrolling patients with triple-negative breast cancer revealed an improved objective response rate in a cohort co-infused with the ICD inducer DOX + the immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) nivolumab (anti-PD-1) over individuals treated with the same ICI + the non ICD chemotherapeutic CDDP.12