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COVID-19 Pandemic and Traditional Chinese Medicines
Published in Hanadi Talal Ahmedah, Muhammad Riaz, Sagheer Ahmed, Marius Alexandru Moga, The Covid-19 Pandemic, 2023
Roheena Abdullah, Ayesha Toor, Hina Qaiser, Afshan Kaleem, Mehwish Iqtedar, Tehreema Iftikhar, Muhammad Riaz, Dou Deqiang
Hesperetin is flavonoid compound obtained from citrus fruits’ pericarp and is characteristic anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant compound. In vitro cell lysis assay of Hesperetin showed the ability to inhibit SARS-CoV 3C like protease cleavage activity depending on the dose. Hesperetin has affinity for binding to 3C like protease along with its affinity for main protein in RBD domain of virus protein prohibiting interaction between SARS-CoV-2 protein and ACE 2 protein [24].
Biobased Products for Viral Diseases
Published in Mahendra Rai, Chistiane M. Feitosa, Eco-Friendly Biobased Products Used in Microbial Diseases, 2022
Gleice Ribeiro Orasmo, Giovanna Morghanna Barbosa do Nascimento, Maria Gabrielly de Alcântara Oliveira, Jéssica Missilany da Costa
In order to examine antiviral properties of four types of bioflavonoids quercetin, hesperetin, naringin and daidzein, from an extract of citrus fruit against dengue virus type 2 (DENV-2), was verified (Zandi et al. 2011). Hesperetin is a flavonone, in which its glycoside form, hesperidin, is water soluble and can be found in many citrus fruits. The results revealed that quercetin exhibited the most significant antiviral activity against DENV-2 among the bioflavonoids tested. Daidzein showed very weak anti-dengue activity, while naringin and hesperetin did not show any anti-dengue activity. These findings suggest that a select group of bioflavonoids, including quercetin and fisetin, exhibit significant inhibitory activities against the dengue virus. According to the authors, it is interesting that the group of flavonoids, flavonol, was investigated to elucidate the mechanisms of inhibition of dengue virus replication.
Herbosomes
Published in Amritpal Singh Saroya, Contemporary Phytomedicines, 2017
Hesperetin is a potent phytomolecule abundant in citrus fruits, such as grapefruit and oranges. In spite of several therapeutic benefits, viz., antioxidant, lipid-lowering, anti-carcinogenic activities their shorter half life and lower clearance from the body restricts its use.Recently Mukherjee et al. developed a novel hesperetin phytosome by complexing hesperitin with hydrogenated phosphatidyl choline. This complex was then evaluated for antioxidant activity in CCl4 intoxicated rats along with pharmacokinetic study revealed that the phytosome had higher relative bioavailability than that of parent molecule at the same dose level (Mukherjee et al. 2008).
An update on COVID-19 pandemic: the epidemiology, pathogenesis, prevention and treatment strategies
Published in Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 2021
Hin Fung Tsang, Lawrence Wing Chi Chan, William Chi Shing Cho, Allen Chi Shing Yu, Aldrin Kay Yuen Yim, Amanda Kit Ching Chan, Lawrence Po Wah Ng, Yin Kwan Evelyn Wong, Xiao Meng Pei, Marco Jing Woei Li, Sze-Chuen Cesar Wong
Hesperetin is a natural flavonoid found in citrus fruits. It can suppress 3 C-like protease cleavage activity of SARS. It is also reported that hesperetin has the potential function to inhibit ACE2 and hence block SARS-CoV-2 infection [19]. The report from Ni et al. showed that a traditional Chinese medicine call Shuang-huang-lian oral liquid (SHL) contains three Chinese herbs extraction, namely forsythia, honeysuckle, and Scutellaria baicalensis [69]. It can resolve the symptoms without any adverse effects in COVID-19 patients who have received other treatment previously, such as antibiotics or antiviral compounds but with no positive response and symptoms became worse [69]. Other natural compounds such as curcumin and quercetin might also be potential inhibitory compounds against SARS-CoV-2 infection [70,71]. In addition to natural compounds, treatment with hormones could also be one of the potential options for adjuvant treatment. Melatonin is a well-known anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative molecule that might be beneficial to COVID-19 patients by reducing vessel permeability, anxiety, sedation used, and improving sleep quality [72]. Vitamin D supplementation is believed to be helpful in reducing the risk of COVID-19 despite of a lack of direct evidence on the association between vitamin D levels and COVID-19 severity and mortality. A high-quality randomized controlled trials and large population studies are necessary for further investigation [73–75].
Modulating effect of hesperetin on the molecular expression pattern of apoptotic and cell proliferative markers in 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced oral carcinogenesis
Published in Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, 2020
Sukumar Babukumar, Veerasamy Vinothkumar, Duraisamy Ramachandhiran
Nuclear staining of mutant-p53, apoptotic (caspase-3 and caspase-9) and nuclear expression of cell proliferation marker (cyclin-D1) by IHC in normal control and experimental hamsters in each group are depicted in Figure 5 (A, B, C and D) and scoring in Figure 6. Expression of increased mutant-p53, cyclin-D1 and decreased caspase-3 and caspase-9 were noticed in hamsters painted with DMBA alone (Group 1) as compared to normal control. Oral administration of hesperetin (20 mg/kg b.w.) (Group 2) to DMBA painted hamsters shows normalised expression of the above markers as compared to normal control. These results show significant positive correlation with Western blot analysis. Hamster treated with hesperetin alone (Group 3) and CMC + Liquid paraffin treated (Group 4) showed normal expression of the above markers as compared to normal control hamsters (Group 5).
Protective effect of hesperetin against haloperidol-induced orofacial dyskinesia and catalepsy in rats
Published in Nutritional Neuroscience, 2018
Dinesh Dhingra, Shikha Goswami, Nidhi Gahalain
Hesperetin is a natural polyphenol compound present in many citrus fruits such as grapefruits and oranges.17 Pharmacologically, hesperetin is considered to be safe with oral LD50 value >2000 mg/kg in rats.18,19 Phase II metabolism by UDP-glucuronosyltransferases and sulfotransferases is the predominant metabolic pathway during the first-pass metabolism of hesperetin. Hesperetin 3ʹ-O-glucuronide and 7-O-glucuronide are the major hesperetin metabolites found in vivo.20 These metabolites of hesperetin have been reported to contribute to the cardioprotective effects upon consumption of citrus fruits such as orange.21 It has been reported to possess potent antioxidant and neuroprotective,22,23 memory improving,24 antiparkinsonian,25 anticonvulsant,26 cytoprotective,27 antiplatelet,28 anti-inflammatory,29 and cardioprotective activities.30 Since hesperetin has been reported to possess neuroprotective and antioxidant activities, this bioactive compound might possess the potential of reversing neuroleptic-induced tardive dyskinesia. Therefore, the present study was designed to evaluate the effect of hesperetin on haloperidol-induced orofacial dyskinesia and catalepsy in rats.