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Cinchona officinalis (Cinchona Tree) and Corylus avellana (Common Hazel)
Published in Azamal Husen, Herbs, Shrubs, and Trees of Potential Medicinal Benefits, 2022
Sawsan A. Oran, Arwa Rasem Althaher, Mohammad S. Mubarak
A published study revealed hyperoside (Peev et al., 2007) in hazelnut leaves and rutin (Yuan et al., 2018; Solar et al., 2009) in kernels and shells. In addition, the hazelnut kernel has been recognized as containing quercetin glucuronide and isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside (Pelvan et al., 2018). Besides, eriodictyol was tentatively detected in the hazelnut kernel (Prosperini et al., 2009), taxifolin in the shells (Yuan et al., 2018), and naringin in the shells and skins of hazelnuts (Mattonai et al., 2017), while phloretin 2′-O-glucoside, a dihydrochalcone glucoside, has been found in hazelnut kernels and shells (Jakopic et al., 2011; Yuan et al., 2018). Catechin, epicatechin, and epigallocatechin have been found in hazelnut kernels (Fanali et al., 2018), shells (Yuan et al., 2018), and skins (Monagas et al., 2009), gallocatechin in the skins (Del Rio et al., 2011).
Cytotoxic effect and induction of apoptosis in human cervical cancer cells by a wood extract from Prosopis laevigata
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2023
Jorge Ibarra-Berumen, Mario Adán Moreno-Eutimio, Martha Rosales-Castro, Cynthia Ordaz-Pichardo
To assess apoptosis induction by Extract T7, we evaluated the phosphatidylserine translocation. The IC50 obtained for C-33 A in the MTT assay correlated to the results obtained in the phosphatidylserine translocation evaluation. Annexin V- FITC assay revealed that the IC50 of Extract T7 induced death by apoptosis in 27.02% of C-33 A cells after 24 h (Figure 1). Even though necrosis occurred, cultured animal cells undergoing apoptosis in vitro will eventually undergo secondary necrosis because they are not eliminated by macrophages (Elmore 2007, Rogers et al.2017). Necrosis was observed in 77.65 ± 7.00% of C-33 A cells treated with cisplatin. This could be explained by the presence of phenolic compounds which have demonstrated inhibition or activation of cancer-related pathways. The compound with the highest concentration of Extract T7 naringin (985.14 µg/g dry extract) increased the expression of Caspase3, cleaved Caspase3, and Bax, and decreased the expression of Cyclin D1, c- and Bcl-2 in thyroid cancer cells TPC-1 and SW1736 (Zhou et al.2019). Additionally, Eriodictyol induced apoptosis in A549 (lung cancer cells), altered the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), downregulated the expression of Bcl-2 and upregulated Bax expression (Zhang et al.2020).
Eriodictyol attenuates dextran sodium sulphate-induced colitis in mice by regulating the sonic hedgehog signalling pathway
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2021
Ru Wang, Lei Shen, Huimin Li, Hao Peng
Numerous studies have shown that flavonoids have therapeutic potential not only in colitis mice but also in human UC (Biedermann et al. 2013; Li et al. 2016; Salaritabar et al. 2017). Eriodictyol (EDT), a flavonoid commonly found in citrus fruits and vegetables, has been reported to have anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and antioxidant properties. EDT has been reported to significantly inhibit NO production in LPS-treated RAW 264.7 murine macrophages (Dai et al. 2008). EDT also prevents early retinal and plasma abnormalities in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats (Bucolo et al. 2012). According to another study, EDT protects against As2O3-induced liver injury by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes and inhibiting the production of proinflammatory factors (Xie et al. 2017). In addition, EDT reduces the levels of Bax and cleaved caspase 3, and increases Bcl-2 levels to alleviate myocardial apoptosis in myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion model (Li et al. 2018). However, the effects and exact mechanism of EDT on colitis remain unclear. Therefore, this study was carried out in two parts. First, we studied the effects of EDT on inflammation, oxidative stress, and epithelial barrier disruption in mice with colitis. Second, we confirmed whether the effect of EDT is related to Shh pathway activation.
Insights into the intestinal bacterial metabolism of flavonoids and the bioactivities of their microbe-derived ring cleavage metabolites
Published in Drug Metabolism Reviews, 2018
Xinchi Feng, Yang Li, Mahmood Brobbey Oppong, Feng Qiu
As shown in Figure 3, the intestinal bacterial metabolic pathway of luteolin is similar to that of quercetin (Schneider and Blaut 2000; Braune et al. 2001; Schoefer et al. 2003). The reduction of luteolin led to the formation of eriodictyol. This was followed by the formation of a chalcone which was subsequently reduced to dihydrochalcone. Also, luteolin can be directly degraded into 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propionic acid and other phenolic compounds without the generation of the fused five-membered structure similar to alphitonin as an intermediate. The representative pathways of quercetin and luteolin reveal that the intestinal bacterial degradation of flavones and flavonols starts with the reduction of the double bond in the 2,3-position prior to the C-ring fission. The steps that follow differ due to the 3-hydroxyl group in flavonol molecules. The degradation metabolites of flavones are hydroxyphenylpropionic acid derivatives while the degradation metabolites of flavonols are derivatives of hydroxyphenylacetic acids.