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Anti-Hyperglycemic Property Of Medicinal Plants
Published in Amit Baran Sharangi, K. V. Peter, Medicinal Plants, 2023
Karanpreet Singh Bhatia, Arpita Roy, Navneeta Bhardavaj
Diabetes or hyperglycemia is a multifaceted metabolic disorder which affects kidney (renal failure), heart, lipid peroxidation and eyes (blindness) and it is a dreadful disorder which is detrimental to human health. The major causes of various types of diabetes include lifestyle changes, molecular genetic factors, etc. There are many undesirable effects associated with standard drug used in the treatment of diabetes like nausea, diarrhea, stomach upset or weight gain. Glibenclamide and metformin solely or in combination can cause many side effects in the body. Thus, there is a need of a treatment which is more beneficial or as par beneficial to the standard drugs and produce less side effects and should be less toxic to the body.
Endocrine Diseases
Published in Miriam Orcutt, Clare Shortall, Sarah Walpole, Aula Abbara, Sylvia Garry, Rita Issa, Alimuddin Zumla, Ibrahim Abubakar, Handbook of Refugee Health, 2021
If glycaemic control is not achieved, a sulfonylurea is added. Gliclazide and glibenclamide are widely available sulfonylureas; gliclazide is associated with fewer hypoglycaemic episodes. Sulfonylureas should not be used in ketosis, lactation or porphyria.Start gliclazide at 40 mg daily; increase weekly up to 160 mg/day with breakfast or, if needed and tolerated, increase to a maximum of 160 mg twice daily with meals.Glibenclamide is initiated at 2.5 mg daily with breakfast and increased by 2.5 mg each week, as needed and tolerated, to a maximum of 15 mg daily.
Evaluation of Anti-diabetic Activity of Cleome gynandra in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Wistar Albino Rats
Published in Parimelazhagan Thangaraj, Phytomedicine, 2020
T. Shanmuganathan, A. V. P. Karthikeyan
The mean blood sugar levels in the normal control animals on the 14th and 21st days were 118.00 ± 2.05 mg/dL and 119.1 ± 2.24 mg/dL, whereas the mean blood sugar levels in the diabetic control animals on the 14th and 21st days were 224.50 ± 3.11 mg/dL and 223.83 ± 2.67 mg/dL (Table 18.1). The ethanolic extracts (150 mg/kg) of the in vivo and in vitro shoots showed a better reduction in the blood sugar levels of 124.21 ± 5.21 mg/dL and 121.32 ± 4.41 mg/dL, respectively, on the 21st day. This reduction in blood sugar level was very close to the standard drug glibenclamide (126.83 ± 3.67 mg/dL).
Chemical compositions of Commiphora opobalsamum stem bark to alleviate liver complications in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats: Role of oxidative stress and DNA damage
Published in Biomarkers, 2022
Mai M. Farid, Asmaa F. Aboul Naser, Maha M. Salem, Yomna R. Ahmed, Mahmoud Emam, Manal A. Hamed
One of the most commonly recommended oral hypoglycaemic medications is Glibenclamide. It primarily stimulates insulin secretion by blocking ATP-sensitive K + channels and depolarising pancreatic beta cells, resulting in lower hepatic glucose synthesis and blood glucose levels. However, Glibenclamide usage is restricted due to long-term hypoglycaemia, a high rate of secondary failure, and other side effects (Erejuwa et al. 2011). Therefore, the existing diabetes treatments are hinder due to their progressive resistance and a variety of side effects. As a result, the antioxidant therapies and dietary supplements are more popular due to their higher tolerance and safety (Yazdi et al. 2019). Therefore, scientists have been working diligently to identify effective and safe alternatives to medicines particularly plants that have proven to be effective sources in the diabetic treatment market (Park and Jang 2017).
Galangin controls streptozotocin-caused glucose homeostasis and reverses glycolytic and gluconeogenic enzyme changes in rats
Published in Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, 2020
Amal A. Aloud, Veeramani Chinnadurai, Govindasamy Chandramohan, Mohammed A. Alsaif, Khalid S. Al-Numair
Recent studies are mainly focused on discovering anti-hyperglycemic drugs from natural dietary phytochemicals, such as flavonoids and terpenoids (Yang et al.2014, Ankita et al.2015). Previous studies have ascertained that flavonoids prevent diabetic complications by stimulating insulin secretion or enhancing its action, regulating carbohydrate metabolism, and promoting peripheral tissue glucose uptake and glycogen storage (Coskun et al.2005, Yang et al.2014). A dietary galangin (3,5,7-trihydroxyflavone) is found in honey and the root of Alpinia officinarum Hance (Heo et al.2001), and it is chemically illustrated in Figure 1. Galangin possesses a wide range of biological and pharmacological properties, such as anti-obesity (Kumar and Alagawadi 2013), anti-oxidative (Meyer et al.1997), anti-clastogenic (Bestwick and Milne 2006), anti-microbial (Murray et al.2000), anti-cancer (Li et al.2010) and anti-inflammatory activities (Jung 2014). A previous study has established that galangin prevents oxidative damage in rats (Sivakumar and Anuradha 2011). A low-dose of STZ has been known to impair insulin secretion and cause a state of insulin-dependent diabetes (Szkudelski 2001). Hence, in this study, diabetes was induced with streptozotocin (STZ). Glibenclamide is a standard synthetic drug which is used to control hyperglycaemia by arousing insulin secretion from β-cells. Therefore, we have chosen glibenclamide as a standard synthetic drug and compared its effects with galangin.
Inhibiting extracellular vesicles formation and release: a review of EV inhibitors
Published in Journal of Extracellular Vesicles, 2020
Mariadelva Catalano, Lorraine O’Driscoll
As outlined earlier, even if some of these drugs – that are already formulated and used as therapeutic agents – are found to reliably, robustly and reproducibly, inhibit release of EVs, substantial efforts would still be needed to investigate their influence on EV release from healthy cells. Approaches to selectively deliver them to cancer cells may be required. Of course, the drugs that are already approved for use in humans, for some indication(s), would likely have a more straightforward pathway to utility than those are molecules that have never been developed as therapeutics. Notwithstanding that, even for currently used as therapeutics, their side-effects (whether or not related to their influence on EVs) must also be considered. For example, known side-effects of imipramine include blood disorders/suppression of immune cells and associated infections, disorientation, dizziness, tiredness, nausea and vomiting, low blood pressure, among others. Side-effects of pantetheine include – but are not limited to – nausea, diarrhoea and possible impaired blood clotting. Similarly, side-effects of others of these drugs such as imatinib, glibenclamide, and indomethacin are well established. However, it must also be remembered that no drugs in clinical use are without some side-effects and so decisions must ultimately be made on the benefit/risk ratio to decide upon the appropriateness of use.