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Chemotherapy in pregnancy
Published in Hung N. Winn, Frank A. Chervenak, Roberto Romero, Clinical Maternal-Fetal Medicine Online, 2021
Much like methotrexate, 5-FU, a pyrimidine analog, has been associated with multiple congenital abnormalities when it has been used during the first trimester, including radial dysplasia, absent digits, and hypoplasias of the lungs, aorta, esophagus, duodenum, and ureters (61). However, Berry et al. reported on 24 patients treated for breast cancer in pregnancy. They noted no fetal abnormalities or neonatal complications with the use of a combination of fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and cyclofosfamide (12). Fluorouracil is also used in topical form to treat conditions of the vulva and vagina. Several patients have been inadvertently treated with this preparation in the first trimester, without any report of deformities (62).
Monographs of Topical Drugs that Have Caused Contact Allergy/Allergic Contact Dermatitis
Published in Anton C. de Groot, Monographs in Contact Allergy, 2021
Fluorouracil (5-FU) is an antimetabolite fluoropyrimidine analog of the nucleoside pyrimidine with antineoplastic activity. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the thymidylate synthetase conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid. Fluorouracil is indicated for the topical treatment of multiple actinic (solar) keratoses. In the 5% strength it is also useful in the treatment of superficial basal cell carcinomas when conventional methods are impractical, such as with multiple lesions or difficult treatment sites. Fluorouracil injection is indicated in the palliative management of some types of cancer, including of the colon, esophagus, rectum, breast, biliary tract, stomach, head and neck, cervix, pancreas, renal cell cancer and carcinoid (1).
Scar Care after Surgical Treatment in Oncology Patients
Published in Paloma Tejero, Hernán Pinto, Aesthetic Treatments for the Oncology Patient, 2020
5-Fluorouracil, a pyrimidine analogue with antimetabolite activity, inhibits fibroblast proliferation in tissue culture and has been shown to be an effective treatment for inflamed hypertrophic scars [15]. The main local side effects associated with 5-fluorouracil injection include pain, purpura formation, and a burning sensation. Systemic 5-FU can cause anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia. Even though we did not exceed 90 mg 5-FU at each injection session, the use of higher doses has been reported without development of any adverse hematological effects. A combination with triamcinolone acetonide may be more effective at treating scars than are the individual treatments [16].
Chronotherapy in dentistry: A scoping review
Published in Chronobiology International, 2023
Mohammad Abusamak, Mohammad Al-Tamimi, Haider Al-Waeli, Kawkab Tahboub, Wenji Cai, Martin Morris, Faleh Tamimi, Belinda Nicolau
In the retrospective cohort studies, Chen et al. (2013) compared chronomodulated chemotherapy (i.e. paclitaxel (03:00 h−05:00 h) and carboplatin (16:00 h−20:00 h) on Day 1, while 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) on Day 1 to 5 at 22:00 h−07:00 h) and conventional (Control) chemotherapy started between 09:00 h and 11:00 h and finished before 17:30 h. They reported that the chronomodulated chemotherapy group had a significantly lower overall incidence of adverse effect with higher tumor response rate and longer patients’ survival. Zhang et al. (2021) investigated the efficacy and safety of induction chemotherapy combined with chrono-chemotherapy (i.e. cisplatin 10:00 h−22:00 h with peak delivery of at 16:00 h) or conventional chemotherapy (i.e. intravenous instilling of Cisplatin 10:00 h to 22:00 h) in locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Their work showed that chrono-chemotherapy could decrease incidence rates and severity of adverse reactions and improve treatment-induced immunosuppression.
Actinic keratosis: where do we stand and where is the future going to take us?
Published in Expert Opinion on Emerging Drugs, 2020
Philipp Cramer, Eggert Stockfleth
In the US, the market for the treatment of AK is expected to grow and reach USD 6,088.4 Million by 2024 [64]. With an increasing global prevalence, AK is expected to be the most common in situ carcinoma of the skin [64,65]. The market has been segmented into medications and procedures. The field of medications is currently covered by Fluorouracil cream, Imiquimod cream, Ingenol mebutate gel, and Diclofenac gel. Whereas procedures are cryotherapy, photodynamic therapy, laser, and chemical peel [64]. Physical treatment such as cryotherapy curettage and laser are lesion-directed therapies. Fluorouracil cream can be applied for clustered and lesion-directed therapy as well as large field-directed therapy depending on the concentration used. Imiquimod cream, Ingenol mebutate gel, and Diclofenac gel are used for large field and clusters directed therapy [19]. Photodynamic therapy is the only form of therapy from the segment of procedures which can be used to treat field cancerization [19]. The market for the treatment of AK is expected to grow by around USD 214,000 annually based on the USD 4,591.4 million spent on the treatment of AK in 2017 in the US and the prediction for this cost to rise to USD 6,088.4 million by 2024 [64]. Table 1 shows the currently established therapies for AK together with their market share in percent [66].
Extraction and chemical characterization of novel water-soluble polysaccharides from two palm species and their antioxidant and antitumor activities
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2020
Dawood H. Dawood, Mohamed S. Elmongy, Amr Negm, Mohamed A. Taher
This assay is a quantitative colorimetric method for the determination of cell viability assays using [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] MTT assay [38,39]. The HepG2 human liver carcinoma, breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) was used to determine the inhibitory effects of polysaccharides on their cell growth. The cells were cultured in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) supplemented with 10% (v/v) calf serum (Hyclone Laboratories, Ogden, UT), 60 mg/mL penicillin G and 100 mg/mL streptomycin sulfate maintained at 37°C in a humidified atmosphere containing about 15% (v/v) CO2 in air. After incubation, the cells were treated with different concentration of polysaccharides and incubated for 24 h. After 24 h, 20 µl MTT (5 mg/ml) was added and incubated for 4 h. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in the volume of 100 µl is added into each well to dissolve the purple formazan formed. The colorimetric assay is measured and recorded at an absorbance of 570 nm using a plate reader. The relative cell viability in percentage was calculated as (A570 of treated samples/A570 of untreated sample) X 100. 5-fluorouracil was used as a standard anticancer drug for comparison because it is commonly used in adjuvant and palliative cancer chemotherapy. The IC50 values were determined as the concentrations of tested materials, which showed 50% of the absorbance of untreated control cells as estimated from the dose–response curves.