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Foeniculum Vulgare Mill: Flavoring, Pharmacological, Phytochemical, and Folklore Aspects
Published in Amit Baran Sharangi, K. V. Peter, Medicinal Plants, 2023
Navneet Kishore, Akhilesh Kumar Verma
Fennel is well known spice as well as it has admirable medicinal values in the Indian traditional system. It is used in the treatment of several human ailments. It has also been used in the formulation of ayurvedic products. Apart from its medicinal value, it has efficient spice value which is attributed due to its penetrating precise odor made fennel as substantial spice. The seeds of fennel have also been used in food industries, bakeries, and production of herbal-based spirits and liqueurs. However, this herb is distinguished for its therapeutic values and data from nutritional value has been considered as resourceful nourishments. The fennel seeds have unique oil composition which is used in the formulation of several routine products for human life. This oil also enhances the aroma of these daily consumable house hold products. The juice attained from the aerial parts of fennel is efficiently used to treat cough. In this chapter we have effort to compile the health benefits, medicinal assets, nutritional value, biological properties and phytochemical profile of fennel. Fennel is the main ingredient of spices in Indian kitchen which imparts the wonderful aroma in foods. The three main ingredients present in fennel oil, namely, estragole, fenchone, and limonene responsible for strong antifungal potential. Hence, apart from the several pharmacological properties, it is also very effective in skin improvement. The seeds of fennel are chewed after meal for good digestion.
Metabolism of Terpenoids in Animal Models and Humans
Published in K. Hüsnü Can Başer, Gerhard Buchbauer, Handbook of Essential Oils, 2020
(+)-Fenchone is found in notable concentrations in the essential oil of Foeniculum vulgare, whereas (–)-fenchone is a component of Thuja occidentalis essential oil. (+)-Fenchone is used as a food flavor and as a carminative (Bornscheuer et al., 2014). A study (Miyazawa and Gyoubu, 2006) investigated the biotransformation of (+)-fenchone in human liver microsomes into 6-exo-hydroxyfenchone, 6-endo-hydroxyfenchone, and 10-hydroxyfenchone (Figure 10.13). Metabolism of (–)-fenchone resulted in similar hydroxylated products (Miyazawa and Gyoubu, 2007). There are currently no data about metabolism of this compound in humans. However, in Salmonella typhimurium expressing human CYP2D6 and NADPH-P450 reductase, (+)-fenchone was metabolized into 6-exo- and 6-endo-hydroxyfenchone (Nakahashi et al., 2013).
Abies Spectabilis (D. Don) G. Don (Syn. A. Webbiana Lindl.) Family: Coniferae
Published in L.D. Kapoor, Handbook of Ayurvedic Medicinal Plants, 2017
Chemical constituents — Fennel fruits yield about 3 to 5% of volatile oil of pleasant aromatic odor, which consists of anethole or anise camphor and variable proportions of a liquid isomeric with oil of turpentine. Small quantities of other substances like fenchone are also present. The fruits of fennel collected from Ootacamund were found to be free of anethol and represented a methyl chavicol race of F. vulgare. The volatile content was up to 8.0%.399
A comprehensive review on recent nanosystems for enhancing antifungal activity of fenticonazole nitrate from different routes of administration
Published in Drug Delivery, 2023
Sadek Ahmed, Maha M. Amin, Sinar Sayed
Novasomes are enhanced niosomal structure that is chiefly composed of stearic acid, cholesterol and surfactant. Stearic acid is a well-recognized fatty acid with high safety properties (Singh et al., 2020). Cholesterol is a naturally produced compound that control plasma membrane rigidity, formation of bile acid and steroids. In formulation industry, it had an important role in controlling vesicles EE%, permeability and stability (Abdelbary et al., 2017). Finally, terpesomes are mainly composed of terpenes and phospholipid. Terpenes like limonene, fenchone and eugenol are derived from essential oil and had both antifungal and penetration enhancers properties (Younes et al., 2018). Phospholipids are assembled together with cholesterol to form the plasma membrane. They regulate many cellular processes such as membrane permeability, cell growth and apotheosis (Morita & Ikeda, 2022).
Transdermal fennel essential oil nanoemulsions with promising hepatic dysfunction healing effect: in vitro and in vivo study
Published in Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 2019
Dina Mahmoud Mostafa, Sameh Hosam Abd El-Alim, Marwa Hasanein Asfour, Sahar Youssef Al-Okbi, Doha Abdou Mohamed, Thanaa El-Sayed Hamed, Gamal Awad
Liver disorders are one of the world’s major health problems. Regardless of its broad occurrence, high morbidity and mortality, its clinical management is currently inadequate as there is no successful treatment to prevent the hepatic disease progression (Rabeh and Aboraya 2014). Natural antioxidants have attracted a great deal of public and scientific attention due to their hepatoprotective, anti-carcinogenic potential and other health-promoting effects (Ozbek et al. 2003; Chang et al. 2013). Therefore, much attention has been focused on natural antioxidants with consequent development of various drug delivery systems to enhance their pharmacological effect (Asfour et al. 2017; Mohsen et al. 2017; Asfour and Mohsen 2018). Essential oils are natural sources of phenolic components, accordingly, their activity as antioxidants or free radical scavengers has been evaluated (Aazza et al. 2011; Mansour et al. 2011). Foeniculum vulgare Mill. is a member of the family Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) and commonly known as ʻFennelʼ. It is a small genus of annual, biennial or perennial herbs. It is cultivated mainly in Central Europe and Mediterranean region (Chang et al. 2013). Now, it is widely cultivated throughout the temperate and tropical regions of the world (He and Huang 2011). Essential oil of fennel is used as a flavoring agent as well as a constituent of cosmetic and pharmaceutical products (Piccaglia and Marotti 2001). The major constituent of FEO is trans-anethole (TA) (58.1–92.5%). Other important components are fenchone (0.2–8.0%), estragole (1.1–4.8%) and limonene (0.2–21.0%) (Tisserand and Young 2014). Minor components include alpha-pinene and alpha phellandrene (Tisserand and Young 2014).
Evaluation of the Effect of Foeniculum vulgare on the Expression of E-Cadherin, Dysadherin and Ki-67 in BALB/C Mice with 4T1 Model of Breast Cancer
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2021
Alireza Mehralikhani, Monireh Movahedi, Mohaddeseh Larypoor, Fereshteh Golab
Trans-anethole, fenchone, alpha-phellandrene, and estragole are the most abundant constituents of fennel. Trans-anethole is the most important component of this herbal medicine, accounting for almost 80% of its content (36, 37). In fact, the presence of anethole (an aromatic compound) may explain the anticancer potential of fennel seeds (37). The biological effects of anethole, including anti-platelet, antioxidant, and anti-tumor activities, have been confirmed in previous studies (33, 38–40). Also, in a recent study, Choo et al. reported the anti-metastatic potential of anethole in the metastatic HT-1080 fibrosarcoma cell line (33).