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Environmental toxicants on Leydig cell function
Published in C. Yan Cheng, Spermatogenesis, 2018
Leping Ye, Xiaoheng Li, Xiaomin Chen, Qingquan Lian, Ren-Shan Ge
Endosulfan is an organochlorine insecticide that is being phased out globally. It is still used extensively in India, China, and a few other countries. Endosulfan is a potent human androgen receptor antagonist in an in vitro screening assay and inhibited testosterone production.190
Pesticides and Chronic Diseases
Published in William J. Rea, Kalpana D. Patel, Reversibility of Chronic Disease and Hypersensitivity, Volume 4, 2017
William J. Rea, Kalpana D. Patel
Endosulfan is a pesticide similar to DDT. The ban of endosulfan by the EPA is significant progress regarding health-damaging pesticides. Public and scientist's awareness of the problems caused by numerous pesticides and many other chemicals was started in 1962 by the great books of Rachel Carson142 and Theron Randolph, MD6 and continued by Dickey7 and Rea.31
Neurotoxicity of Pesticides
Published in Ana Maria Osorio, Lynn R. Goldman, Proceedings from the Medical Workshop on Pesticide-Related Illnesses from the International Conference on Pesticide Exposure and Health, 2017
Matthew C. Keifer, Jordan Firestone
The organochlorine pesticides are an excellent example of toxins that induce ion channel dysfunction resulting in central neurological effects. The most famous of the organocholorines, DDT, affects sodium channel function by preventing the decrease in sodium permeability that normally follows an action potential, thereby facilitating repetitive neuronal discharges. The organochlorines are used less today than they were in the past, because DDT and many other organochlorines lost their U.S. registration, principally due to concerns about environmental persistence. Nonetheless, DDT is still manufactured for use in other countries, and endosulfan, a less environmentally persistent organochlorine, is still registered for use in the U.S.
Pesticides induced oxidative stress and female infertility: a review
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2020
Jitender Kumar Bhardwaj, Meenu Mittal, Priyanka Saraf, Priya Kumari
The dose- and duration-dependent exposure to endosulfan and malathion determines its cellular and biochemical toxicity (Hiremath and Kaliwall 2002). Histological examination after endosulfan and malathion treatment in Wistar albino rat revealed that the size of ovarian tissue and number of healthy follicles was found to be declined but number of atretic follicles was increased. Biochemical analysis showed that MDA level was elevated and act as an indicator of free radicals generated during the metabolism and their lipid peroxidation inducing damage, after endosufan and malathion treatment (Koc et al.2009). Similarly mancozeb, carbfuran, and chlorodecon showed dose-dependent effect with increase in atretic follicles and decrease in number of healthy follicles (Rockett et al.2006, Koc et al.2009). Methoxychlor causes abnormality in folliculogenesis (Gupta et al.2009).
Modulation of xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme activities in rat liver by co-administration of morin, endosulfan, and 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2020
Canan Sapmaz, Tulin Firat, Aysel Kukner, Azra Bozcaarmutlu
Endosulfan and 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) are lipid-soluble toxic organic molecules. DMBA is one of the most potent mutagenic and carcinogenic methylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. It is produced during incomplete combustion of carbon-containing compounds. It is possible to be exposed to DMBA via cigarette smoking and inhaling car exhaust and furnace gases in our daily lives (Shou et al. 1996, Lee et al. 2002, Girolami et al. 2008). DMBA produces its toxic effects by affecting biotransformation reactions, inducing the production of ROS and leading to DNA-adduct formation ( Lambard et al. 1991, Arora et al. 2014). The carcinogenic and mutagenic effects of DMBA are related to its metabolic conversion to electrophilic metabolites by mixed function oxidases (Shou et al. 1996, Kleiner et al. 2004). Endosulfan belongs to the cyclodiene group of organochlorine pesticides. It is used to destroy, control or prevent the action of insects. Due to its high lipid solubility, it accumulates in living organisms. The use of endosulfan has been banned in most developed countries. However, in recent studies, high concentrations of endosulfan have been found in soil, fresh and sea water samples, and fish (Bozcaarmutlu et al. 2014a, Łozowicka et al. 2016, Lupi et al. 2016). It is clear that organisms continue to be exposed to endosulfan. Endosulfan is metabolized into a relatively more toxic metabolite, endosulfan sulfate, by biotransformation, oxidation-reduction, and photolysis reactions. Its biotransformation reaction is catalyzed by cytochrome P450s (CYPs) (Casabar et al. 2006, Lee et al. 2006).
Effect of endosulfan and bisphenol A on the expression of SUMO and UBC9
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2020
Vidhya Yarahalli Jayaram, Somesh Baggavalli, Divijendra Reddy, Srinivas Sistla, Rajyalakshmi Malempati
Cyclodienes were under use as pesticides for several decades. Although currently discontinued (Moses and Peter 2010, Hardell and Eriksson 2003), these compounds are persistent and active in the environment for several decades due to their resistance to bio-degradation (Weber et al. 2010). High concentrations of endosulfan and endosulfan sulfate were detected in humans from countries that have banned the usage of these compounds recently (Channa et al. 2012). Heptachlor and chlordane are still being used for termite and pest control in some parts of the world (NRDC 2005).