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Ecology
Published in Paul Pumpens, Single-Stranded RNA Phages, 2020
During controlled bioaccumulation from artificial seawater, the FRNA phages were bioaccumulated to the highest concentration in mussels Mytilus edulis after 6 hours of incubation but were below detection limit in oysters Crassostrea gigas throughout the exposure period (Olalemi et al. 2016a). This study demonstrated strong differences in the bioaccumulation rates among a set of pollution markers. A parallel study of these authors led to the conclusion that somatic coliphages could, however, be better pollution markers than the FRNA phages to predict the concentration of adenoviruses in mussels M. edulis and their overlying waters (Olalemi et al. 2016b).
Ecological Risk Assessment
Published in Ted W. Simon, Environmental Risk Assessment, 2019
Much work has been done to understand differences in bioaccumulation between animal receptors at various trophic levels. The most direct and ecologically relevant approach to assessing bioaccumulation is to measure concentrations of contaminants in the tissue of organisms collected or exposed in the field.5 Sampling of benthic organisms, which provides a much clearer understanding of the bioavailability of contaminants and extent of contamination, is often limited by the workload constraints of obtaining sufficient tissue biomass for analytical measurements.8 Caging organisms, such as freshwater mussels, in the field is one approach to address this issue. Though providing a balance between experimental control and ecological relevance not offered with field collections or laboratory studies, in situ studies are still time-consuming, labor-intensive, and occasionally prone to vandalism, predation, or destruction.7,8
Toxicology
Published in Aruna Bakhru, Nutrition and Integrative Medicine, 2018
Hydrocarbon-based compounds found at home and work environment are commonly encountered. These include solvents, strippers, cleaners, cutting oils, metals such as chromium, cadmium, lead, mercury, and less commonly, beryllium. Occupational texts tell us that there are over 60,000 different chemicals in the workplace, with new ones being produced all the time. Some are bioaccumulative, such as lead and mercury, other metals, and hydrocarbons, especially chlorinated pesticides. Many of these chemicals can cause disability and even death.
Detection of endocrine and metabolism disrupting xenobiotics in milk-derived fat samples by fluorescent protein-tagged nuclear receptors and live cell imaging
Published in Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods, 2023
Keshav Thakur, Emmagouni Sharath Kumar Goud, Yashika Jawa, Chetan Keswani, Suneel Onteru, Dheer Singh, Surya P. Singh, Partha Roy, Rakesh K. Tyagi
The incessant use of chemicals with endocrine or metabolism disrupting properties leads to their bioaccumulation in different matrices of the environment (e.g. soil, water, dust, and air), consequently disturbing the ecosystem (Lehner et al. 2010; Bollmann et al. 2012; Möller et al. 2012; Li et al. 2014; Wei et al. 2015). Under extreme physical conditions like high temperature or pressure, these heterogenous group of molecules are susceptible to conversion into modified forms. Due to long half-lives, such molecules can accumulate and persist in the environment in an unbonded free state over a long period. (Le et al. 2008; Qingwei et al. 2018; Chen 2019; Liu et al. 2019; Björvang and Damdimopoulou 2020; Yilmaz et al. 2020). Subsequently, these residues enter the food chain via contaminated soil, water, and plants, affecting animals and humans equally (Connolly 2009; Jafer, 2018; Santonicola et al. 2019; Pironti et al. 2021). These xenobiotics may also accumulate in animal-derived meat and dairy products (Georgescu et al. 2011; Priyanka and Dey 2018).
Nanotechnology-based formulations toward the improved topical delivery of anti-acne active ingredients
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2021
Ana Cláudia Paiva-Santos, Filipa Mascarenhas-Melo, Sara Cabanas Coimbra, Kiran D. Pawar, Diana Peixoto, Raquel Chá-Chá, André RTS Araujo, Célia Cabral, Selmo Pinto, Francisco Veiga
Also about environmental toxicity, it seems that metal-based NPs deserve the most attention. ZnO and TiO2NPs, widely used in sunscreens, lead to the production of H2O2, a phytoplankton stress inducer, under photoexcitation. One study indicated that TiO2NPs appear to be considered the largest oxidizing agent on beaches, due to the quantities that are released daily into the seawater [105]. ZnONPs also appear to have an obvious environmental toxic effect, even at low concentrations [106]. The bioaccumulation effect and long-term studies are of utmost importance to clarify the impact of these NPs on the biosphere. Besides, a study concluded that AgNPs can also have harmful effects on blood circulation, which can even lead to death; but, on the other hand, they demonstrated that the accumulation of AuNPs did not cause any undesirable effects [107]. In fact, given the extreme importance of environmental safety issues, the toxicity of nanotechnology-based formulations for topical applications, particularly including the acne targeted ones, is an area that requires stronger attention from researchers.
Bioaccumulation and health risk assessment of toxic metals in red algae in Sudanese Red Sea coast
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2021
Abuagla Y.A. Ali, Abubakr M. Idris, Mohmaed A.H. Eltayeb, Adel A. El-Zahhar, I.M. Ashraf
The dendrogram obtained from CA of metal concentrations is depicted in Figure 2. Two major clusters were obtained. One was represented by Jania and Hypnea, which were both collected from Klanieb area, whereas the other cluster was represented by the rest of samples. This result indicates that metal bioaccumulation in algae species from Klanieb area was different from those in other areas. On the other side, the dendrogram demonstrates that the nearest neighbors, namely numbers 15, 4, 1, and 9, besides 11 and 13, represent Jania and Hypnea. This result suggests that those species had similar bioaccumulation trend. This finding could also be strengthened by the same species from Haloot area. Notably, samples of Jania from Flamingo, Haidob, and Dama-Dama areas were also nearer neighbors in terms of metal bioaccumulation by red algae than other objects. This result suggests similar behavior of metal bioaccumulation.