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Local Anesthetics and Additives
Published in Bernard J. Dalens, Jean-Pierre Monnet, Yves Harmand, Pediatric Regional Anesthesia, 2019
Jean-Pierre Haberer, Bernard Jacques Dalens
In addition to epinephrine, some commercial solutions include antioxidants (thioglycerol, ascorbic acid, sodium bisulfite, sodium metabisulfite), buffers (sodium lactate), stabilizers (edetate calcium disodium), antiseptic preservatives (methylparaben), saline solutions, and/or osmotic agents for spinal anesthesia (glucose).
Topical Formulations for Onychomycosis: A Review
Published in Andreia Ascenso, Sandra Simões, Helena Ribeiro, Carrier-Mediated Dermal Delivery, 2017
Barbara S. Gregorí Valdes, Carolina de Carvalho Moore Vilela, Andreia Ascenso, Joao Moura Bordado, Helena Ribeiro
5% Tavaborole solution (Kerydin®) is also available in the US market, and it contains ethanol USP, propylene glycol USP, and edetate calcium disodium USP [41,77]. This solution should be applied once daily for 48 weeks. In conducted clinical trials, 31-36% mycological cure and 6.5-9.5% complete cure was achieved in patients treated with this drug. It shows activity against yeasts, molds, dermatophytes, and filamentous fungi. It was specially developed for onychomycosis treatment [96,97].
Failure of chelator-provoked urine testing results to predict heavy metal toxicity in a prospective cohort of patients referred for medical toxicology evaluation
Published in Clinical Toxicology, 2022
Stephanie T. Weiss, Sharan Campleman, Paul Wax, William McGill, Jeffrey Brent
Mercury is ubiquitous, and humans are constantly exposed to it in various forms through ambient air, seafood, and in small amounts from mercury-containing dental amalgams [4,13,17]. Some degree of urine mercury excretion is therefore expected in all people who are tested. The administration of a renally cleared mercury chelating agent, such as succimer, dimercaptopropanesulfonate, or edetate calcium disodium, further increases mercury excretion in both mercury-overexposed and non-overexposed subjects [4,6,8]. One study that attempted to establish norms for PUT and unprovoked urine testing in both mercury-overexposed and non-overexposed subjects suggested an upper urine mercury limit of 12 μg/24 h in unprovoked urine testing and 20 μg/24 h after PUT with two doses of the chelator [6]. However, the use of these values has not been studied or validated. Nor is it known whether the addition of a chelator improves diagnostic accuracy using these values [9]. Data from our study indicates that chelator-provoked urine sampling is not of any diagnostic value and, if relied on, leads to inaccurate diagnoses.
Evaluating crisaborole as a treatment option for atopic dermatitis
Published in Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 2019
Vignesh Ramachandran, Abigail Cline, Steven R. Feldman, Lindsay C. Strowd
Maximum blood concentration (Cmax) in clinical studies was 105–111 ng/mL with time to reach maximum concentration (Tmax) of 2.17–3.00 h [54,55]. Systemic levels increase with increasing dose, but not high enough to cause systemic effects. Steady state is reached in 4–6 days. Half-life is 7.17–11.9 h [55]. Crisaborole is metabolized into 5-(4-cyanophenoxy)-2-hydroxyl benzylalcohol (metabolite 1, major metabolite) via hydrolysis and 5-(4- cyanophenoxy)-2-hydroxyl benzoic acid (metabolite 2, major metabolite) via oxidation. Metabolite 1 has no interactions with cytochrome P450, while metabolite 2 has clinically insignificant minor interactions with cytochrome CYP1A2, CYP2B6, and CYP2C8. Crisaborole is renally excreted. It is available as a 2% white to off-white ointment composed of petrolatum, propylene glycol, mono- and di-glycerides, paraffin, butylated hydroxytoluene, and edetate calcium disodium. Any of these various components may result in contact sensitization or hypersensitivity reactions [41].
A comparative study of edetate calcium disodium and dimercaptosuccinic acid in the treatment of lead poisoning in adults
Published in Clinical Toxicology, 2018
Kirushanthi Sakthithasan, Pierre Lévy, Joël Poupon, Robert Garnier
Although lead poisoning is one of the oldest and most extensively studied occupational diseases, many workers still remain exposed to lead in their workplace. Lead has deleterious effects on many major body systems, particularly on the nervous system and kidneys [1–3]. Chelation therapy has been used for more than half a century as a means of reducing the body lead burden. Intravenous edetate calcium disodium (CaNa2EDTA) has been the mainstay of treatment of lead poisoning and has been registered on the “WHO Model List of Essential Medicines” [4].