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Neurotoxicology
Published in Philip B. Gorelick, Fernando D. Testai, Graeme J. Hankey, Joanna M. Wardlaw, Hankey's Clinical Neurology, 2020
Sean D. McCann, Trevonne M. Thompson
Lead poisoning is a common metal toxicity and represents a large public health burden. The most commonly affected patients are young children, often due to hand-to-mouth behavior leading to ingestion of lead containing paint chips or other material containing lead. Lead poisoning disproportionately affects children of minority groups and of lower socioeconomic status.11 Other risk factors include eating paint chips, history of developmental delay, and using imported products that may contain lead. Lead poisoning is seen less in adults where exposure is most often occupational or related to specific hobbies such as those involving firearms or leaded paints or glazes.
Miscellaneous poisons
Published in Jason Payne-James, Richard Jones, Simpson's Forensic Medicine, 2019
Jason Payne-James, Richard Jones
Symptoms of lead poisoning include abdominal pain, headache, anaemia, irritability and, in severe cases, seizures, coma and death. X-rays will expose dense lines in the long bones of children, and red cells undergo a change known as basophilic stippling, where blue-staining remnants of destroyed DNA are seen lining the margins of the red cells. This change is diagnostic for lead poisoning. The main tool for diagnosis is measurement of the blood lead level. Treatment depends on the blood level and is designed to remove the lead from the body (chelation therapy).
Heavy Metals
Published in Dongyou Liu, Handbook of Foodborne Diseases, 2018
Lead poisoning is caused by drinking lead-contaminated water (at >5 μg/L, via lead pipes and lead solder); exposure to lead-based paints and leaded gasoline, fertilizers, pesticides, and soil waste; exposure during metal plating and finishing operations, battery manufacturing, and ore smelting; and consumption of foods grown in lead-rich soil.
Cabbage juice protect against lead-induced liver and kidney damage in male Wistar rat
Published in Biomarkers, 2022
Jerome Ndudi Asiwe, Tolunigba Abisola Kolawole, Kenneth Kelechi Anachuna, Emmanuel Ikemefune Ebuwa, Bartholomew Chukwuebuka Nwogueze, Harrison Eruotor, Vincent Igbokwe
Lead (Pb) is a heavy metal found in nature. It is abundant in lead car batteries, paints, ceramics, hair dye, water pipes, cosmetics, and corrosion and acid-resistant building materials. Lead poisoning occurs as a result of elevated levels of lead in dust and soils in residential areas near refineries, high-traffic areas, or smelters. D’Souza et al. (2011) found that eating fruits, grains, and vegetables grown in high-Lead soils can cause exposure. Lead is considered as one of the principal contaminants in the environment as a result of industrial activity and smokes released by cars and it is absorbed into the human system through food, drink, and the environment (Joworaski 1968, Piasek and Kostial 1987, Ghorbe et al.2001, Barbosa 2005). Even a modest amount of Lead produces alterations in the body’s functioning (Mahaffey 1991, Karri et al.2008). Proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and other cellular functions are all affected by lead. The accumulation of lead in the human body is thought to cause renal dysfunction, liver damage, pulmonary emphysema, and osteoporosis (El-Demerdash et al.2004). Lead toxicity affects a variety of organs, but recent research has shown that the kidney and liver are the most affected organs due to ingestion and/or inhalation exposure (Siu et al.2009).
The influence of erdosteine administration on lead-induced oxidative stress in rat muscle
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2022
Michał Dobrakowski, Anna Machoń-Grecka, Przemysław Nowak, Patrycja Szczęsny, Maciej Maciejczyk, Aleksandra Kasperczyk, Tomasz Pryzwan, Sławomir Kasperczyk
Chelation therapy can be regarded as a classic method of lead poisoning treatment. Due to many side-effects, such as renal and cardiac problems, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, skin lesions, glossitis, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, sourcing for potentially safe alternatives to chelators for ameliorating lead toxicity is a matter of great importance (Lamidi and Akefe 2017). Therefore, we aimed to investigate administration of a thiol containing antioxidant, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), to verify its potential as an alternative therapy for lead poisoning. We showed that NAC administered orally in doses 200, 400 and 800 mg per day was able to reduce lead-induced oxidative stress in a dose-dependent manner, to normalize antioxidant enzyme activities in blood cells (Kasperczyk et al. 2014a), and to normalize glutathione metabolism (Kasperczyk et al. 2013) in workers chronically exposed to lead. Besides, elevated level of α-tocopherol and decreased level of homocysteine could be regarded as other beneficial effects of the evaluated therapy (Kasperczyk et al. 2014b, 2016).
Effect of zeolite on absorption and distribution of heavy metal concentrations in roots and shoots of wheat under soil contaminated with weapons
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2021
Ali Azogh, Seyed Keyvan Marashi, Teimour Babaeinejad
Lead is an element that is used in the composition and structure of the war weapons (Azogh et al.2016). Lead has a negative effect on respiration and photosynthesis at a concentration of less than 1 ppm. It is stated that the negative effect of lead is due to its effect on the electron transfer system (Fathi 2013). High levels of lead cause plant poisoning, decrease in growth, yellowing of young leaves and reduce the absorption of essential elements such as iron, which reduces photosynthesis and intracellular activity (Pourrut et al.2011). Lead poisoning causes inhibition of the synthesis of hemoglobin, results in dysfunctions in the kidneys, joints and reproductive systems, cardiovascular system and acute or chronic damage to the central and peripheral nervous system (Kabata-Pendias 2001).