China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Monographs of Topical Drugs that Have Caused Contact Allergy/Allergic Contact Dermatitis
Published in Anton C. de Groot, Monographs in Contact Allergy, 2021
Econazole is a broad-spectrum imidazole antimycotic with fungistatic properties and some action against grampositive bacteria. It is indicated for topical application in the treatment of superficial fungal infections caused by dermatophytes, in the treatment of cutaneous candidiasis, and in the treatment of pityriasis (tinea) versicolor. In pharmaceutical products, econazole is employed as econazole nitrate (CAS number 24169-02-6, EC number 246-053-5, molecular formula C18H16Cl3N3O4) (1).
Skin infections
Published in Ronald Marks, Richard Motley, Common Skin Diseases, 2019
Although topical imidazole creams (e.g. miconazole, clotrimazole, econazole) applied once daily over 6 weeks are effective, it is often easier to use an ‘antidandruff’ shampoo containing ketoconazole, zinc pyrithione or selenium disulfide to wash the affected areas once daily for 5 days and then periodically (every 1–2 weeks) to keep the condition under control. The yeast is quickly destroyed but patients need to be told that the discoloration of the skin takes a few weeks to resolve. In severe cases oral itraconazole (200 mg/day for 7 days) is effective.
Therapeutic Approach in Fungal Keratitis
Published in Mahendra Rai, Marcelo Luís Occhiutto, Mycotic Keratitis, 2019
Victoria Díaz-Tome, María Teresa-Rodríguez Ares, Rubén Varela-Fernández, Rosario Touriño-Peralba, Miguel González-Barcia, Laura Martínez-Pérez, María Jesús Lamas, Francisco J. Otero-Espinar, Anxo Fernández-Ferreiro
Econazole is an imidazole derivative mainly used in superficial topical mycosis although it has also been used as an alternative treatment for fungal keratitis since the 1980s (Arora et al. 1983, Mahashabde et al. 1987).
Single ascending dose safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetic study of econazole in healthy volunteers
Published in Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 2022
Himanshi Khera, Avaneesh Kumar Pandey, Nusrat Shafiq, G.K. Khuller, Ritika Kondel Bhandari, Aditi Panditrao, Nanda Gamad, Rachna Rohilla, Samiksha Bhattacharjee, Naveen Murali, Harish cvn, Devraj Belavagi, Chakrant Mothsara, Manjula Singh, Navneet Sharma, Digamber Behera, Samir Malhotra
Repurposing of drugs for the treatment of MDR tuberculosis can be one of the approaches to prevent drug resistance [9]. Various drugs like clofazimine, linezolid, meropenem, and others have been repurposed as anti TB drugs with variable degrees of success [10]. Antitubercular efficacy of econazole has been previously demonstrated in in vitro and in vivo animal studies in our institute [11]. It was shown that at minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.120 µg/ml econazole had an antimycobacterial action comparable to rifampicin which is designated as first line anti tubercular drug with minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.21 µg/ml [12]. Econazole is an old drug that was developed as an antifungal agent was shown to have good antifungal activity in in adults and children [13]. It is currently available only as a topical agent. Pharmacokinetics of oral econazole was evaluated in a small healthy volunteer study. An oral dose of 500 mg of radiolabeled econazole was administered orally and it was found that 40% and 27% or orally administered econazole was recovered in urine and feces, respectively, and complete excretion of drug took place in 72 h [14].
Commercialization challenges for drug eluting contact lenses
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2020
Olivia L. Lanier, Keith G. Christopher, Russell M. Macoon, Yifan Yu, Poorvajan Sekar, Anuj Chauhan
Another approach to extend drug release from contact lenses that have been utilized by researchers is to create multi-layer lenses. The layers are made of multiple hydrogel layers with encapsulated drug or include an encapsulated polymeric layer or implant for extended release. An example of this technology is Ciolino et al. developed a multi-layer contact lens by sandwiching a drug-loaded poly-(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) film in a HEMA contact lens [36]. PLGA has become a common choice for drug release because it is biodegradable, biocompatible, and has been FDA approved for drug delivery applications [101]. The drug-loaded PLGA films were prepared by a solvent casting method and subsequently incorporated inside poly-HEMA contact lens by placing the drug-loaded film in a mold filled with the monomer, crosslinker, and initiator [36]. The fabricated device had an optically clear central aperture in the center of the PLGA film. Fluorescein and ciprofloxacin were eluted from the device for an extended-release period of roughly a month at a steady rate with a minimal burst release [36]. The authors used the same approach [37] to release econazole, an antifungal, for an extended period (up to 10 days) and was able to inhibit the growth of a fungus in vitro. These layered lenses were also used to release latanoprost for extended duration (up to 8 days) [102].
Cyclodextrin-based nanosponges as promising carriers for active agents
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2019
Saeideh Allahyari, Francesco Trotta, Hadi Valizadeh, Mitra Jelvehgari, Parvin Zakeri-Milani
Econazole as another antifungal medication is a drug of imidazole class and is mostly used topically for the treatment of some infections. Sharma and Pathak reported that if this drug applied in a complex form in NSs of β--CDs cross-linked with carbonate bonds, it will decrease its dose frequency, plasma concentration of drug and dose-related topical adverse effects such as burning and stinging sensations [55].