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Inflammatory, Hypersensitivity and Immune Lung Diseases, including Parasitic Diseases.
Published in Fred W Wright, Radiology of the Chest and Related Conditions, 2022
Claudon et al. (1990a) from Nancy, France studied 20 patients with hepatic E. alveolaris by serial CT examinations, and failed to confirm the usually reported poor prognosis. Only in four was there a progressive increase in size due to parasitic growth or necrosis. Imidazole treatment appeared to be efficacious in several cases.
Candida and parasitic infection: Helminths, trichomoniasis, lice, scabies, and malaria
Published in Hung N. Winn, Frank A. Chervenak, Roberto Romero, Clinical Maternal-Fetal Medicine Online, 2021
Current recommended therapy for vulvovaginal candidiasis is use of a topical imidazole. Imidazoles inhibit fungal cell wall synthesis and are absorbed in small amounts through mucous membranes (15). There are five topical azoles for the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis currently available in the United Sates (butoconazole, clotrimazole, miconazole, terconazole, and tioconazole) (16) many of which have multiple dosing forms as well as multiple brand names associated. Dosing information for current intravaginal azole treatments are listed in Table 1. There are no significant differences in efficacy or safety between the currently available topically applied azole products, with the caveat that longer duration of therapy typically results in slightly higher cure rates, so choice of product can be based on cost and convenience of dosing regimen.
Introduction to dermatological treatment
Published in Richard Ashton, Barbara Leppard, Differential Diagnosis in Dermatology, 2021
Richard Ashton, Barbara Leppard
Those active against yeasts such as Candida and Pityrosporum species: Polyenes. Nystatin (named after the New York State Department of Health) is only effective against Candida. It is cheaper than the imidazoles but has the disadvantage that it stains everything it comes into contact with yellow. Amphotericin B is a broad spectrum polyene antifungal agent used as lozenges for treating Candida infections in the mouth.Imidazoles are broad spectrum antifungal agents and work for yeasts as well as dermatophytes (see left).Clioquinol is effective against Candida and various bacteria but not against dermatophytes. It is usually combined with a topical steroid (e.g. Betnovate CUK). It stains the skin and clothing yellow.
Miconazole for the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis. In vitro, in vivo and clinical results. Review of the literature
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2023
Pedro Antonio Regidor, Manopchai Thamkhantho, Chenchit Chayachinda, Santiago Palacios
Vaginal creams, suppositories and tablets for vaginal candidiasis are used once a day for 1–7 days, preferably at bedtime, to facilitate retention. Most vaginal creams are administered in 5 g amounts. Three vaginal formulations – clotrimazole tablets, miconazole suppositories and terconazole cream – come in low- and high-dose preparations. These preparations are administered for 3–7 days. Approximately, 3–10% of the vaginally applied amount is absorbed. Although some imidazoles are teratogenic in rodents, no adverse effects on the human foetus have been attributed to the vaginal use of imidazoles or triazoles. The most common side effect is a mild vaginal burning or itching. A male sexual partner may experience mild penile irritation. Cross-allergenicity among these compounds is assumed to exist based on their structural similarities (Workowski and Bachmann 2022).
Preparation and curing behaviour of microencapsulated curing agents for cold-mixed epoxy asphalt
Published in Journal of Microencapsulation, 2023
Qiaoliang Xiong, Juntao Du, Minxin Zhang, Huina Jia, Tianjin Li, Yi Nie
The amount of 2-PZ in the microcapsules was measured using TGA, and the results are shown in Figure 4. The TGA curve showed two evident weightlessness stages, with the first stage falling between 200 and 300 °C and the last step falling after 450 °C. In the case of only containing PC, there was only weightlessness in the latter stage, and it could be known that the decomposition of 2-PZ in the microcapsules caused the lightness of the former. It was verified according to the thermogravimetric curve of 2-PZ (curve e). Therefore, the amount of imidazole coated can be calculated by the weight loss of the first stage. The same phenomenon was observed when using polystyrene for shell coating (Zhang et al.2020). The TGA results showed that different ratios of 2-PZ and PC presented different cladding ratios, with the best cladding effect being a 1:1 ratio of about 32 wt%.
Acanthamoeba Keratitis: an update on amebicidal and cysticidal drug screening methodologies and potential treatment with azole drugs
Published in Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 2021
Brian Shing, Mina Balen, James H. McKerrow, Anjan Debnath
Azoles are a class of antifungal agents originally developed to target sterol 14a demethylase (CYP51) and inhibit ergosterol biosynthesis [124]. Since Acanthamoeba spp. encode for CYP51 with 31–35% sequence identity to fungal CYP51, antifungal azoles have been considered and evaluated for treating Acanthamoeba keratitis [125]. Clinically, several azoles have been evaluated in very limited clinical cases for treating Acanthamoeba keratitis. These include imidazole (clotrimazole, miconazole, and ketoconazole) and triazole (itraconazole, fluconazole, and voriconazole) class antifungal azoles (Table 2). Several azoles have been identified and suggested to have potent amebicidal and cysticidal properties against Acanthamoeba spp., suggesting new treatments for Acanthamoeba keratitis [126]. Azoles are attractive for Acanthamoeba keratitis treatment as they are generally well tolerated [125]. However, considerations into the method of administration, ophthalmic formulation, and adjunctive surgical preparations have to be made as topically applied imidazoles poorly penetrate the corneal epithelium [127–131].