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Anti-Proliferative Properties of Various South African Buddleja Species
Published in Namrita Lall, Medicinal Plants for Cosmetics, Health and Diseases, 2022
The use of many Asiatic Buddleja species includes the treatment of skin conditions and as eye lotions. This could be related to the anti-inflammatory properties of the flavonoids that are present in this genus, which include the isolated compounds from B. officinalis, apigenin and echinacoside (Dormán et al., 2016; Liu et al., 2018). The saponins isolated from B. asiatica include asiatiside A–D, which assist in clearing the skin due to their ability to form a soap-like foam in an aqueous solution (Arslan, 2014). In the United States, the Buddleja species are applied topically to clean wounds and stimulate healing due to their antiseptic activity. It has been reported that aucubin is present in several drugs used to treat skin conditions and has antibiotic activity, which aids in clearing the skin of impurities (Rombouts and Links, 1956).
Role of Vitamin D and Antioxidant Functional Foods in the Prevention and Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease Pathology
Published in Abhai Kumar, Debasis Bagchi, Antioxidants and Functional Foods for Neurodegenerative Disorders, 2021
Echinacoside is a natural phenylethanoid glycoside, isolated from Echinacea angustifolia, that, although poorly bioavailable, has shown to prevent the neurodegenerative process in an animal model of AD via the possible molecular pathways that include mitigation of ROS-related effects (Liu, Yang, Dong, Zhang, & Ma, 2018).
Echinacoside alleviates osteoarthritis in rats by activating the Nrf2-HO-1 signaling pathway
Published in Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology, 2022
Echinacoside (Ech) is a natural phenylethanoid glycoside and is firstly derived from Echinacea Angustifolia DC [8]. The pharmacological effects of Ech mainly involve bone protection, liver protection, antioxidant, and anti-inflammation [9]. With further research on the pharmacological functions of Ech, the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of Ech in various human diseases have attracted wide attention. For instance, Ech exerts neuroprotective roles in Parkinson's disease mice through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties [10]; Ech mitigates skin injury mediated by ultraviolet B irradiation by repressing oxidative stress, DNA damage, and apoptosis [11]. Crucially, cumulative studies indicate that Ech has a palliative effect on osteoporosis. Yang et al. verified the effectiveness and safety of Ech in an osteopenic rat model, prompting that Ech effectively prevents osteoporosis in rats [12]; Li et al. demonstrated that Ech exerts a protective effect on dexamethasone-induced osteoblast apoptosis through the p53-dependent pathway, implying that Ech is a potential therapeutic drug for glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis [13]. However, the Ech function in OA is not clear at present. In this research, we firstly assessed the Ech effect on rat chondrocytes and revealed that Ech partially reversed the low viability of rat chondrocytes induced by IL-1β. On this basis, the specific mechanism of Ech regulation was further explored in this study.
Selective toxicity of Cistanche tubulosa root extract on cancerous skin mitochondria isolated from animal model of melanoma
Published in Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology, 2022
Yalda Arast, Mobina Heidary, Farahnaz Tanbakosazan, Somaye Behnamipour, Amir Vazirizadeh, Jalal Pourahmad
Li et al. reported that this plant extract induced apoptosis in B16-F10 cells by increasing chromosomal compaction, cell cycle arrest, and upregulation of the apoptosis marker Annexin-V, it induced apoptosis through mitochondria via BCL222. However, another recent study showed that echinacoside and acteoside had an anti-tumour effect on mouse skin melanoma cell line KML, although the mechanism was not explored. according to this research, cancer cells and neurocytes may respond differently to the anti-tumour effects of the echinacoside and the acteoside compounds. To further understand how echinacoside and acteoside affect cancerous cells and neurocytes, more research is needed23. Recently, Zhang et al. Proposed the idea that C. tobulusa extract could intervene and delay the ageing in senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAM-P8) by increasing naïve T cells and natural killer cells in blood and spleen, but memory T cells were reduced24. Phenylethanoid glycosides, including echinacoside and octoside, also showed immunomodulatory effects such as anti-allergy and anti-inflammatory. Yuan et al found that C. tobulusa suppresses H22 cell growth by inducing apoptosis and stopping the cell cycle. The levels of cleaved caspase-8 and 9 were significantly up-regulated by C tobulusa treatment, proposing that both external and internal signalling pathways are involved in plant-induced apoptosis25.
Chinese medicinal plants for the potential management of high-altitude pulmonary oedema and pulmonary hypertension
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2020
Tingting Wang, Jun Hou, Wenjing Xiao, Yaolei Zhang, Longfu Zhou, Li Yuan, Xiaoqiang Yin, Xin Chen, Yonghe Hu
Formulating drugs with different doses and modes of administration can improve their absorption. The oral bioavailabilities of baicalin, echinacoside and polydatin were very low, leading to limited clinical use. Changing the route of administration, such as parenteral administration, or the dosage of a drug can improve its bioavailability. The bioavailability of the baicalin nanoemulsion is approximately 1.67-fold greater than that of its monomer (Zhang, Lv, et al. 2011; Zhao et al. 2013). The oral bioavailability of HSYA is approximately 1.2% (Jin et al. 2016), but when it was formulated as solid lipid nanoparticles, the oral bioavailability was 3.97-fold higher than that of the previous form (Zhao et al. 2018). The absolute bioavailability of echinacoside is only 0.83% (Jia et al. 2006); however, when it was incorporated into a phospholipid complex, the absorption of the drug was greatly improved (Li, Yang, Yang, et al. 2015). There are very few human pharmacokinetics studies. The study of pure HSYA preparations in healthy Chinese volunteers indicated that sex differences should be considered in dosage recommendations in clinical use (Li, Yin, et al. 2015).