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Sedation and Restraint for Standing Procedures
Published in Michele Barletta, Jane Quandt, Rachel Reed, Equine Anesthesia and Pain Management, 2023
Mechanism of action. Dopamine antagonist. It blocks the action of dopamine centrally and peripherally.Alpha-1 adrenergic blockade that can lead to arterial hypotension.
Pharmacological Treatment of Orthostatic Hypotension
Published in David Robertson, Italo Biaggioni, Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System, 2019
The occasional patient may have excessive levels of dopamine that contribute to vasodilatation. In these patients, dopamine antagonists such as metoclopramide may be of benefit (Kuchel et al., 1980, 1985). Domperidone has been used with success in diabetic autonomic neuropathy (Lopes de Faria et al., 1988). Many patients, however, do not respond to these agents.
Psychopharmacology EMIs
Published in Michael Reilly, Bangaru Raju, Extended Matching Items for the MRCPsych Part 1, 2018
Citalopram.Decreases the 5-HT1 receptors and increases the 5-HT2 receptors.Dopamine agonists.Dopamine antagonists.Increases the 5-HT1 and 5-HT2 receptors.Increases the 5-HT1 receptors and decreases the 5-HT2 receptors.Monoamine oxidase inhibitors.Reduces the 5-HT1 and 5-HT2 receptors.Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.Tricyclics.
Ethosomal gel for rectal transmucosal delivery of domperidone: design of experiment, in vitro, and in vivo evaluation
Published in Drug Delivery, 2022
Wedad Sakran, Rania S. Abdel-Rashid, Fatma Saleh, Raghda Abdel-Monem
Side effects of anti-cancer drugs are often more troubling than the actual symptoms of cancer disease for many patients. Nausea and emesis are the most frequent, stressful, and feared side effects among patients receiving chemotherapy. They can affect patients’ quality of life and their ability to endure and comply with therapy (Matthews et al., 2015). Therefore, suppression of emesis is a dream that cancer patients wish to fulfill and improve the quality of their lives (Satija et al., 2014). For this purpose, dopamine antagonist antiemetic’s such as Domperidone (DOM), bromopride, and metoclopramide have been widely administered via parenteral or oral routes on daily basis (Hesketh et al., 2017). Domperidone, a selective peripheral dopamine antagonist, that boosts natural gastric activity, raises the gastric emptying rate (Patil et al., 2016), enhances the power of duodenal contractions, and drops small bowel transit time. It is commonly used for the short-term treatment of nausea and emesis correlated with cancer chemotherapy. Moreover, it is considered as an adjuvant therapy in the management of Parkinsonism, and disorders of gastrointestinal motility (Ferrier, 2014). Several reports indicated that DOM has shown more statistically significant therapeutic efficiency than ondansetron at the same dose for the prevention of late gastro-intestinal disturbance symptoms occurring after highly emetogenic chemotherapy (Phillips et al., 2016). However, DOM has poor aqueous solubility (1 mg/mL) and low systemic bioavailability (13–17%) due to broad first pass metabolism in the stomach wall and liver (Athukuri & Neerati, 2017).
A preliminary study of atypical cortical change ability of dynamic whole-brain functional connectivity in autism spectrum disorder
Published in International Journal of Neuroscience, 2022
As for the abnormal underlying genes, environment and social factors, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are heterogeneous neurodevelopmental diseases with yet nounifying pathological or neurobiological etiology [1–5]. The ASD patients have general symptoms, such as abnormal social responses and behavior, lack of eye contact, language abnormalities and delays, compulsively repetitive or stereotypic behavior, and obsessive insistence on sameness [6,7]. From the clinical standpoints for ameliorating some behaviors problems, training intervention precepts (individualized education and training) are effective and primary treatment, such as applied behavioral analysis, special education for children with ASD and related disorders, human relations development intervention, and so forth [8]. So far, many antipsychotics against ASD patients have been produced for improving some emotional and behavioral symptoms. There are generally three types: central stimulant (methylphenidate), antipsychotic drugs (risperidone, haloperidol, aripiprazole, quetiapine, and olanzapine), and antidepressant drugs (dopamine antagonist of 5-HT selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors) [9]. However, their efficacy is unsatisfactory to achieve the expectation intended.
Sydenham’s chorea: from pathophysiology to therapeutics
Published in Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 2021
Antonio L. Teixeira, Luiz P. Vasconcelos, Maria do Carmo Pereira Nunes, Harvey Singer
It must be emphasized that there is very limited data to inform about evidence-based practice in SC. Case reports, case series and uncontrolled comparison studies have supported the use of dopamine antagonists (i.e. antipsychotics) and anticonvulsants in the treatment of SC related chorea, leading to faster symptom resolution and functional improvement. The rationale for using both strategies is based on the autoimmune-elicited basal ganglia dysfunction marked by excessive dopaminergic activation and reduced activation of the basal ganglia inhibitory pathways [30,37,96]. While dopamine antagonists can counteract the excessive dopaminergic activation, the effects of anticonvulsants on this pathophysiological process are less clear, and might involve different mechanisms, such as regulating GABA neurotransmission and calcium flow to basal ganglia neurons preventing neuronal hyper-synchronization [97].