Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Assay of Antibiotics in Mammalian Cell Culture
Published in Adorjan Aszalos, Modern Analysis of Antibiotics, 2020
Culture Medium and Solutions: Balanced salt solution: Use a solution compatible with the growth medium and without bicarbonate for washing cells.Complete growth medium: Use a medium providing a maximum growth rate with 5—10% calf or horse serum.Dispersing agent: Select the agent best suited for the cell line utilized.
Overview of the delivery technologies for inhalation aerosols
Published in Anthony J. Hickey, Heidi M. Mansour, Inhalation Aerosols, 2019
Daniel F. Moraga-Espinoza, Ashlee D. Brunaugh, Silvia Ferrati, Lara A. Heersema, Matthew J. Herpin, Patricia P. Martins, Hairui Zhang, Hugh D.C. Smyth
The most commonly used excipients are cosolvents (e.g., ethanol). These solubilize the API or surfactant in the liquid propellant, and suspension stabilizers (e.g., oleic acid), working as dispersing agents. Other components such as valve lubricants (e.g., polyethylene glycol) are used if required, and other less common options such as antioxidants or buffering agents are used to increase stability.
History of antifungals
Published in Mahmoud A. Ghannoum, John R. Perfect, Antifungal Therapy, 2019
Emily L. Larkin, Ali Abdul Lattif Ali, Kim Swindell
Subsequently, (NyotranOR), a more soluble liposomal nystatin formulation with reduced toxicity was developed [25]. The liposomal formulation consists of a freeze-dried, solid dispersion of nystatin mixed with a dispersing agent, such as a poloxamer or polysorbate [26,27]. The dispersing agent prevents aggregate formation in solution, increasing the drug’s solubility and decreasing toxicity while maintaining efficacy [27,28]. Liposomal nystatin has good activity in vitro against a variety of Candida species, including some amphotericin B–resistant isolates [28].
Enhanced bioavailability and pharmacokinetics parameters of Enalapril solid self nanoemulsifying oral dispersible tablet: formulation, in vitro and in vivo evaluation
Published in Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 2023
Doaa H. Hassan, Amal A. Ammar, Afaf A. Ramadan, Mona K. Younis
The tablet containing SSNES passed in vitro release test, and its results were compared to those of a control tablet with an equivalent dose of EN (10 mg). The faster drug release from SSNES-ODTS formulations contributes to the drug’s molecularly dispersed state, the spontaneous formation of nanoemulsion with a large surface area, and the wetting and high solubilization capacities of surfactant and cosurfactant mixtures (Dalal et al. 2021). Microcrystalline cellulose would have acted as a dispersing agent, facilitating the dissolution rate by rapidly exposing the drug-loaded nanoemulsion droplets to the dissolution medium. The in-vitro release study is shown in Figure 6. EN-SSNES ODTs F2 and F3 take a short time for complete drug release (3 and 4 min, respectively), with fast disintegration time (10 and 10 s respectively), good wetting time (86 and 102 s respectively), with acceptable hardness values (3.9 and 3.9 kg/cm2) and at the same time they show allowed friability values (0.12 and 0.37%). So, they were chosen for the stability study.
Dosimetry in vitro – exploring the sensitivity of deposited dose predictions vs. affinity, polydispersity, freeze-thawing, and analytical methods
Published in Nanotoxicology, 2021
Johannes G. Keller, Daniel F. Quevedo, Lara Faccani, Anna L. Costa, Robert Landsiedel, Kai Werle, Wendel Wohlleben
In summary, each material was weighed out to make 6 mL of a stock dispersion with a concentration of 2.56 mg/mL in 99.5 vol% sterile-filtered BSA-water (0.05% w/v), 0.5 vol% EtOH (96% pure; Jensen et al. 2011). BSA works as stabilization and dispersing agent and helps to increase the dispersibility of the stock dispersion. EtOH enables the handling of hydrophobic materials. Each ENM was weighed out to be as close as possible to a total mass of 15.36 mg and placed in 30 mL Scint–Burk glass vials. The vials had the same diameter as those recommended by the NANoREG protocol and differed only in height, leading to an increased volume capacity. Subsequently, the material was prewetted by the appropriate EtOH volume, followed by the addition of BSA-water, taking care to wash down the sides of the vial for material recovery. The BSA-water was prepared by first creating a 1% BSA-stock solution and then further dilute it with Millipore water to a total concentration of 0.05% (Jensen et al. 2011).
Losartan potassium sustained release pellets with improved in vitro and in vivo performance
Published in Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 2020
Nuha I. Abou Obaid, Fahad I. Al-Jenoobi, Mohamed A. Ibrahim, Mohd A. Alam
Various approaches have been used to sustain the drug release from oral solid dosage forms (Giri et al. 2012). Solid dispersion of the drug in the matrices of hydrophobic carriers is a common strategy for controlling drug release (Oth and Moes 1989; Pignatello et al. 2001). The solid dispersion technique was commonly utilized to enhance the dissolution rate of poorly water-soluble drugs using water-soluble polymeric carriers. More recently, an increasing interest was shown in the application of solid dispersions to produce sustained release forms using water-insoluble polymeric carriers as dispersing agents (El-Fattah et al. 1984; Shivakumar et al. 2008). The dispersion of drugs in the polymer matrices strongly affected their dissolution rate, which appeared slower than those of the pure drugs, when polymer ratios were increased (Pignatello et al. 2002).