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Orders Norzivirales and Timlovirales
Published in Paul Pumpens, Peter Pushko, Philippe Le Mercier, Virus-Like Particles, 2022
Paul Pumpens, Peter Pushko, Philippe Le Mercier
The CuAAC reaction was used to display the human iron-transfer protein transferrin, a high-affinity ligand for the receptors upregulated in a variety of cancers, on the Qβ VLPs (Banerjee D et al. 2010). Furthermore, the CuAAC reaction was used by the covering of the Qβ VLP surface by polymer chains, to which multiple connections were made, thereby cross-linking protein cage subunits (Manzenrieder et al. 2011). Such polymers extended in vivo circulation lifetime, diminishing nonspecific adsorption or passivating the immune response. The poly(2-oxazoline)s were chosen for the role of such polymers because of their advantageous properties of versatile controlled syntheses by means of living cationic polymerization, aqueous-phase solubility, and chemical stability that made them attractive for a variety of biomedical and materials applications.
Bio-Implants Derived from Biocompatible and Biodegradable Biopolymeric Materials
Published in P. Mereena Luke, K. R. Dhanya, Didier Rouxel, Nandakumar Kalarikkal, Sabu Thomas, Advanced Studies in Experimental and Clinical Medicine, 2021
Polymers can be one of the highest among biomaterials which are extensively used in biomedical applications in large multitude. Polymers have appropriate physical, chemical, surface, and biomimetic properties, can be designed and prepared with various structures. Polymers are prepared with relative ease which leads to the versatility attributed by polymers.
Recent Cannabinoid Delivery Systems
Published in Betty Wedman-St Louis, Cannabis as Medicine, 2019
Natascia Bruni, Carlo Della Pepa, Simonetta Oliaro-Bosso, Daniela Gastaldi, Franco Dosio, Enrica Pessione
Polymers have played an integral role in the advancement of drug delivery technology and this field has grown tremendously. Polymers are currently used in pharmaceutical formulations and show a wide range of safety and biodegradation variables. Developments in responsive polymers, polymer therapeutics, and advanced systems for molecular recognition or for the intracellular delivery of novel therapeutics have more recently appeared [136,137]. Polymeric drug delivery systems are able to protect drugs from degradation and control drug release.
Forensic features and genetic structure of 20 autosomal STR loci in the Han population of Ningde City, Southeastern China
Published in Annals of Human Biology, 2021
Hongbo Wang, Cairui Xin, Hongyi Cao
Genomic DNA was extracted from saliva swabs by using the Chelex-100 method (Walsh et al. 1991). We used the SureID® 21 G Human STR Identification Kit to explore the genetic characteristics of 1412 Han individuals from Ningde City, Southeastern China (Lu et al. 2017). A total of 20 autosomal STR loci (D3S1358, TH01, D21S11, D18S51, Penta E, D5S818, D13S317, D7S820, D16S539, CSF1PO, Penta D, vWA, D8S1179, TPOX, FGA, D19S433, D12S391, D6S1043, D2S1338, and D1S1656) were amplified simultaneously by using the SureID® 21 G Human STR Identification Kit (HEALTH Gene Technologies, Ningbo, China) on a ProFlexTM PCR system (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA) following the manufacturer’s protocol. Internal controls (H2O as a negative and 9947 A DNA as a positive control) were genotyped along with each batch of samples to ensure that the results were reproducible and accurate. Detection and separation of amplified PCR products were carried out using Applied Biosystems 3500 Genetic Analyser (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA) with POP-4 polymer (Life Technologies, USA). Allele identification was conducted using the SureID® 21 G Human STR Identification Kit (HEALTH Gene Technologies, Ningbo, China) panels, bin sets, stutter files and a 175 relative fluorescence units (RFU) threshold, unless otherwise stated, and the results were compared with the allele ladder provided by the corresponding kit via Applied Biosystems GeneMapper ID-X version 1.2 software.
PLGA-based biodegradable microspheres in drug delivery: recent advances in research and application
Published in Drug Delivery, 2021
Yue Su, Bolun Zhang, Ruowei Sun, Wenfang Liu, Qubo Zhu, Xun Zhang, Rongrong Wang, Chuanpin Chen
The key to the composition of biodegradable microspheres lies in the application of biodegradable polymer materials. The most important property of such materials is their biodegradability. The substances produced by human metabolism will neither cause harm to the human body nor harm to the environment (Prajapati et al., 2019). There are many types of biodegradable polymer materials, including those from natural sources and synthetic ones. In recent years, more and more synthetic biodegradable polymers have been used as carriers for therapeutic drug delivery devices, especially Poly (lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), due to its biodegradability and good biocompatibility, as well as suitable biodegradation kinetics and easy-to-process mechanical properties, have been used as biomaterials since the 1970s, with a long history (Lu et al., 2009). At present, more than 20 kinds of PLGA-based biodegradable microspheres have been approved for use on the market, and many of which are in the stage of research and development or clinical trials. In this development process, many new technologies and achievements have emerged. Therefore, it is necessary to summarize and update the research status and application of PLGA-based biodegradable microspheres, which is beneficial to those researchers and clinicians who are interested in biodegradable microspheres as DDS.
Genetic structure and forensic characteristics of the Korean population revealed by GoldenEye 20A
Published in Annals of Human Biology, 2020
Jin-Feng Xuan, Atif Adnan, Absar Ahmad Zafar, Guanglin He, Xiao-na Li
Genomic DNA was isolated from blood using the ReliaPrepTM Blood gDNA Miniprep System (Promega, Madison, USA.) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The quantities of extracted DNA samples were determined using a NanoDrop spectrophotometer (Thermo Scientific, Wilmington DE, USA). Amplification of 20 STRs was performed using the GoldenEyeTM 20 A kit (Beijing PeopleSpot Inc), in the GeneAmp PCR System 9700 (Thermo Fisher Scientific company) according to the manufacturer’s recommendations. The PCR products were analysed using an 8 capillary ABI 3500 DNA Genetic Analyser with the POP-4TM polymer (Life Technologies). GeneMapper Software version 4.0 (Life Technologies) was used for genotype assignment. Allelic nomenclatures were assigned according to the allelic ladder provided by GoldenEyeTM 20 A kit (Beijing PeopleSpot Inc) in accordance with ISFG recommendations (Bodner et al. 2016; Tillmar et al. 2017).