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Osteoarthritis
Published in Nicole M. Farmer, Andres Victor Ardisson Korat, Cooking for Health and Disease Prevention, 2022
Ginger is a member of the cardamom and turmeric plant family. The edible portion of the ginger plant is the rhizome, the horizontal stem from which the roots grow, containing chemical components with antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. These properties provide an explanation for ginger’s positive effects on arthritis, specifically OA. Several studies have shown lowered inflammatory markers, such as C-reactive protein after ginger supplementation (Vaishya et al., 2018), and randomized studies have found that ginger and the anti-inflammatory medicine diclofenac both improved pain-related symptoms better than the each alone (Paramdeep, 2013).
Monographs of Topical Drugs that Have Caused Contact Allergy/Allergic Contact Dermatitis
Published in Anton C. de Groot, Monographs in Contact Allergy, 2021
Diclofenac is a benzeneacetic acid-derived nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with antipyretic, antiinflammatory and analgesic actions. Its mechanism of action is as a cyclooxygenase inhibitor. Oral diclofenac is generally used to treat pain from dysmenorrhea, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and from other causes. In pharmaceutical products, diclofenac is employed as diclofenac sodium (CAS number 15307-79-6, EC number 239-346-4, molecular formula C14H10Cl2NNaO2) (1). Diclofenac is also available in topical formulations including ointment, gel, suppositories, and as transdermal therapeutic system (TTS) for treatment of pain due to minor sprains, strains, and contusions (7,9). Lipid nanoemulsions of diclofenac may be used for parenteral applications.
Drugs Affecting the Musculoskeletal System
Published in Radhwan Nidal Al-Zidan, Drugs in Pregnancy, 2020
Risk Summary: It is better to be avoided during the 1st and 3rd Trimesters because the pregnancy experience in humans suggests a risk of pulmonary hypertension of the newborn, SABs, and congenital malformations linked to the use of Diclofenac.
Ameliorating effect of rutin against diclofenac-induced cardiac injury in rats with underlying function of FABP3, MYL3, and ANP
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2023
Ashish Dogra, Dilpreet Kour, Abhishek Gour, Mahir Bhardwaj, Swarnendu Bag, Shakti Kumar Dhiman, Ajay Kumar, Gurdarshan Singh, Utpal Nandi
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide, with more than seventeen million deaths every year (World Health Organization 2021). Drug-induced cardiotoxicity is considered as one of the crucial factors for this high mortality rate (Kelleni and Abdelbasset 2018). Nowadays, it has become mandatory to evaluate cardiovascular safety during the preclinical and clinical stages of the drug development process (Avila et al. 2020, Lam and Wu 2021). A high attrition rate of new chemical candidates has been observed in the drug development process. Many drugs are withdrawn from the market due to cardiotoxicity. However, several essential drugs are even available on the market through modification of dose regimens (Ferdinandy et al. 2019). Diclofenac is a widely prescribed drug among nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Cardiovascular complications take the shine away from its therapeutic use (Spitz 2013, Ghosh et al. 2015). Long-term consumption causes cardiac injuries followed by the aggravation of cardiovascular diseases, mainly increasing the risk of myocardial infarction and/or worsening congestive heart failure and stroke (Hudson et al. 2007, Waksman et al. 2007). Based on the various cardiovascular risks of NSAIDs, diclofenac belongs to the higher risk group, and naproxen categorizes as the lower-risk group (Martín Arias et al. 2019). In recent times, diclofenac has been recommended to use at the lowest dose level and/or for a shorter duration (Spitz 2013, Ghosh et al. 2015).
Exacerbation of diclofenac-induced gastroenterohepatic damage by concomitant exposure to sodium fluoride in rats: protective role of luteolin
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2022
Akinleye S. Akinrinde, Kehinde O. Soetan, Monsuru O. Tijani
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) e.g., diclofenac, indomethacin, ibuprofen, etc., are widely available over-the-counter drugs for the treatment of pain, inflammation, and fever (Wallace 2016). They are, however, well known for their toxic side effects of gastrointestinal ulceration and bleeding (Chatterjee and Bandyopadhyay 2014). NSAIDs are known to block the synthesis of muco-protective prostaglandins by inhibiting the expression of both constitutive (COX-1) and inducible (COX-2) cyclooxygenase enzymes. Diclofenac (DIC) is a lipophilic NSAID used in the treatment of pain of musculoskeletal disorders, rheumatoid arthritis, and osteoarthritis (Tieppo Francio et al. 2017). Like most other NSAIDs, high doses of DIC present side effects of enteropathy, gastrointestinal ulceration, and bleeding amongst other effects. Studies have shown that DIC administration produces acute erosions and immediate gastroduodenal damage within hours of ingestion (Hawkins and Hanks 2000). The mechanisms of DIC toxicity has been reported to involve increased oxidative stress and inflammation, as well as mitochondrial dysfunction (Galati et al.2002).
Multidimensional Studies of Pancratium parvum Dalzell Against Acetylcholinesterase: A Potential Enzyme for Alzheimer’s Management
Published in Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 2020
Devashree N. Patil, Shrirang R. Yadav, Sushama Patil, Vishwas A. Bapat, Jyoti P. Jadhav
The protocol was followed with some modifications as described by V. Reka and R. Anuradha, (2014) (26). The reaction mixture consists of the total volume of 4.5 ml, which includes hyposaline (0.25% w/v NaCl), 0.15 M sodium phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) with varying conc of plant extract and finally, 10% reconstituted HRBC solution. As a control tube, distilled water was preferred instead of hyposaline. The above reaction mixture was incubated for 30 min at 37 °C and after incubation it was further centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 15 min. Diclofenac was used as a standard drug for a particular procedure. Formed content of Hemoglobin in the supernatant was measured at 560 nm using UV-Visible spectrophotometer.