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Monographs of Topical Drugs that Have Caused Contact Allergy/Allergic Contact Dermatitis
Published in Anton C. de Groot, Monographs in Contact Allergy, 2021
General aspects of corticosteroids used on the skin and mucous membranes are discussed in Chapter 2.4. A practical guideline for diagnosing allergic reactions to corticosteroids is presented in ref. 1. See also dexamethasone (Chapter 3.93), dexamethasone phosphate (Chapter 3.95), and dexamethasone sodium phosphate (Chapter 3.96).
Clinical efficacy of recombinant human thrombopoietin combined with glucocorticoids in the treatment of immune thrombocytopenia
Published in Hematology, 2022
Jing-xin Zhou, Ling Gao, Nan Hu, Zhi-Ling Yan, Chun-ying Tian, Jing Su, Ji-Jin Qi, Jun-shuai Yue, Wen-tong Ma
The CG was treated with glucocorticoids. Dexamethasone sodium phosphate injection (Jilin Aodong Pharmaceutical Group Yanji Co., Ltd., H22022888) was administered intravenously at 0.6 mg/(kg·day) once daily after 3–5 days of admission. After the PLT count increased to the normal range, patients were treated with prednisone acetate tablets (Jilin Gurette Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., H22021758) at 1 mg/(kg·day) once daily, and the dosage was gradually reduced according to the patient’s condition. The SG was treated with rhTPO (Shenyang Sansheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., S20050049) based on glucocorticoid treatment and subcutaneously injected with 300 U/(kg·day) once daily for 14 days. During the treatment period, a PLT count of ≤20 × 109/L could present a marked bleeding tendency, and a PLT suspension was transfused. Given that all patients included in this group had a PLT count ≤20 × 109/L, a PLT suspension was administered according to the specific situation. Both groups were treated for 14 days, and a curative effect was observed.
Efficiency of a dexamethasone nanosuspension as an intratympanic injection for acute hearing loss
Published in Drug Delivery, 2022
So-Young Jung, Subin Kim, Zion Kang, Soonmin Kwon, Juhye Lee, Joo Won Park, Kab Sig Kim, Dong-Kee Kim
Dexamethasone is widely used to treat acute hearing loss (Stachler et al., 2012). However, since dexamethasone is not very soluble in water, dexamethasone sodium phosphate (Dex-SP), which is approved for intravenous use, is used off label for intratympanic injection in patients with acute hearing loss. Among the several pathways by which drugs enter the cochlea via the middle ear, the round window membrane is the most important route (King et al., 2011). Unfortunately, little is known about the mechanism by which drugs pass through the round window membrane or what properties of drugs affect their passage through that barrier. Recently, Salt et al. (2018) reported that the lipophilicity of drugs affects their permeation of the round window membrane and that hydrophobic drugs pass through the membrane more effectively than hydrophilic drugs. The mechanism by which polyp nanoparticles (PLGA, polyp-lactic-co-glycolic acid) translocate across the round window membrane was previously reported by Zhang et al. The penetration of PLGA nanoparticles across the round window membrane via the transcellular pathway was observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (Zhang et al., 2018). A hydrophobic drug would be advantageous, as these drugs penetrate the cell membrane when they pass through the transcellular pathway.
Effectiveness of salvage intratympanic dexamethasone treatment for refractory sudden sensorineural hearing loss classified by audiogram patterns
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 2021
Bing Hu, Mo Chen, Xiaozhu Chen, Duanlong Zhao, Qingyin Zheng, Guohui Nie, Hongmiao Ren, Jihao Ren
All patients were treated with dexamethasone sodium phosphate injection (0.5 ml, 5 mg/L, Sinopharm Group Rongsheng Pharmaceutical, China). This was administrated through the injection of tympanic membrane under otoendoscope visualization after local anesthesia. Before IDT, dexamethasone solution was warmed for 5 min at body temperature. The patient was placed in the supine position with the head tilted about 30–45° toward the opposite side; this position was maintained for about 30 min. Tha patients were also to avoid swallowing after IDT. Before and during the injection procedure, the otoendoscope was used to observe the posterior part of tympanic membrane, to make sure the accurate puncture of tympanic membrane with a needle, and to clearly observe the slow process of perfusion starting from posterior tympanum, then extending to whole tympanum. Patients underwent one injection per day, for a total seven consecutive days. PTA was conducted to analyze the effectiveness of treatment one month after the IDT. During the interval, patients were closely monitored. We collected data regarding changes in hearing, tinnitus, dizziness and other conditions. Otoendoscopy was also performed to examine the morphology of tympanic membrane after IDT (Figure 1).