China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Marine Chondroitin Sulfate and Its Potential Applications
Published in Se-Kwon Kim, Marine Biochemistry, 2023
Gastric ulcer is one type of inflammatory disease that is often found both in adults and adolescents as a result of a decrease or damage to the resistance of the gastric mucosa. Treatment of gastric ulcers has shifted to cytoprotective drugs, namely drugs that can increase protection and resistance of the gastrointestinal mucosa, especially the stomach. Oral chondroitin sulfate showed a protective effect on the gastrointestinal mucosa of rats. The higher the chondroitin sulfate dosage, the greater the protective effect. A dosage of 4 g/kg body weight of chondroitin sulfate had the same excellent protective effect as sucralfate as a positive control at a level of 500 mg/kg body weight. Because chondroitin sulfate had a pH of 7.4 in the stomach of rats, it was an antacid or neutralized gastric acid (Wikanta et al., 2000).
Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Wild Medicinal Plants of Piauí State-Brazil
Published in Mahendra Rai, Shandesh Bhattarai, Chistiane M. Feitosa, Ethnopharmacology of Wild Plants, 2021
Valdiléia Teixeira Uchôa, Mahendra Rai, Gilmânia Francisca Sousa Carvalho, Herbert Gonzaga Sousa, Patrícia e Silva Alves, Renata da Silva Carneiro, Ariane Maria da Silva Santos Nascimento, Felipe Pereira da Silva Santos, Gabriel e Silva Sales
The pathophysiology of various diseases involves the inflammation process as the body’s direct response to damage and disturbance caused by external agents. This process includes the production and recruitment of chemical mediators such as cells, cytokines, histamines, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins that act as an inflammatory response to fight infection (Lawal et al. 2019). Inflammation, although initially necessary, when not controlled, induces prolongation of the patient’s diseased condition, impairing their life quality (Dobrian et al. 2011). Currently, the reference drugs used are represented by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which by inhibiting pro-inflammatory enzymes, end up blocking the biosynthesis of gastric cytoprotection, triggering adverse effects (Rang et al. 2007).
Critical Care of the Trauma Patient
Published in Kenneth D Boffard, Manual of Definitive Surgical Trauma Care: Incorporating Definitive Anaesthetic Trauma Care, 2019
Cytoprotective agents (e.g. sucralfate) as a preventive measure have been shown to be the most cost-effective by statistical analysis in several trials. However, the marked decrease in the rate of development of ventilator-associated pneumonia seen in the sucralfate population does make this therapeutic option quite attractive.14
Metabolomics approach of Symphyotrichum squamatum ethanol extract and its nano-Ag formulation protective effect on gastric ulcer via bio-chemical and pathological analyses
Published in Biomarkers, 2023
Heba A. Hassan, Iriny M. Ayoub, Tamer I. M. Ragab, Sherif M. Afifi, Abd El-Nasser G. El-Gendy, Abdel Razik H. Farrag, Ahmed M. Abd-ELGawad, Mohamed Farag, Abdelsamed Elshamy, Naglaa M. Ammar
Secondary metabolites profiling of SSEE revealed the presence of several compounds, mainly phenolics and terpenoids. Phenolics were documented as significant scavengers of the free radicals along with their antiinflammatiory effects (El-Newary et al.2021). Phenolic compounds were reported to act as protectors against most models of gastric ulcers in rats. This action might be mediated via several mechanisms such as i) cytoprotection, ii) antioxidants including the increasing of SOD and CAT activity as well as GSH levels, iii) immunoregulation by increasing of anti-inflammatory cytokines, and iv) anti-H. pylori (Serafim et al.2020). Terpenes, including sesqui-, di- and tri units, were reported to have the potentialities for inhibition and/or stimulation of i) gastric juice secretion (Chioma et al.2009), ii) mucosal production and defense (Siqueira et al.2012), iv) pepsin and H+-K+-ATPase activities (Lakshmi et al.2010). Also, terpenes were found to have the capabilities to protect the gastroduodenal mucosa, increase PGE2 level (Jain and Surana 2009), and eliminate free radicals with enhancement of ulcer blood circulation (Kim et al.2005). Some triterpenes were stated to increase the levels of TAC, MDA along with the down-regulation of caspase-3 activity (Elshamy et al.2020).
Development of a novel oral complex lipid emulsion containing triptolide for targeting pancreatic cancer
Published in Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 2022
Liangyu Mu, Peiyao Wu, Ying Zhang, Shiqi Li, Rui Yang, ShuJun Wang
Despite the targeting ability of nanocarrier-based therapeutics, the released drug may still pose toxicity problems against normal tissues. Most studies employ various controlled release-TP-loaded nanocarriers to reduce the blood concentration of TP and thus reduce toxicity. For example, triptolide-solid lipid nanoparticle (TP-SLN) formulations have been shown to reduce testicular tissue TP concentrations compared with free TP, providing an explanation for the decreased reproductive toxicity observed with TP-SLN (Ni et al. 2008). An alternative strategy involves incorporating cytoprotective agents in the nanomedicine rather than using separate administration. Diammonium glycyrrhizinate (DG), a triterpenoid saponin derived from licorice root (Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch), has been widely reported to exhibit pharmacological activity including anti-inflammatory (Hou et al. 2012), anti-oxidant, liver-protective (Gao et al. 2019), and toxicity reduction behaviour (Shi et al. 2018).
Pharmacological management of cerebral ischemia in the elderly
Published in Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 2021
Adithya Kannan, Mychael Delgardo, William Pennington-FitzGerald, Enoch X. Jiang, Brandon R. Christophe, E Sander Connolly
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are another class of cytoprotective therapy that has been recently studied in large randomized clinical trials [81]. Acetaminophen has been trialed as an antipyretic treatment for AIS in several large clinical trials with mixed results [82]. Increased body temperature is an independent risk factor for poor outcomes and increased mortality in AIS, so the PAIRS I and II trials examined the effects of acetaminophen on body temperature and stroke recovery [81,83]. The studies indicated that acetaminophen was associated with decreased temperatures, but not improved mortality rates or functional outcomes. However, acetaminophen is currently being explored as a preventative treatment in PRECIOUS, a large multicenter trial focused on elderly ischemic stroke patients [84]. Increased age is directly correlated with poorer outcome and complications in stroke, so effective medications to manage hyperthermia may be particularly useful in elderly patients [84].