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Glycyrrhiza glabra (Licorice) and Gymnema sylvestre (Gurmar)
Published in Azamal Husen, Herbs, Shrubs, and Trees of Potential Medicinal Benefits, 2022
Jasbir Kaur, Sana Nafees, Mohd Anwar, Jamal Akhtar, Nighat Anjum
Antiulcer activity: The glycyrrhizin produced by deglycyrrhizinated licorice root is commonly used to treat wounds effectively. Carbenoxolone, derived from the root system, has an antiulcerogenic impact inhibiting gastric secretion (Masoomeh and Kiarash, 2007). Prostaglandin and mucus secretion in the digestive tract is increased by the licorice. It increases the life of cells on the surface of the stomach and has an antiseptic effect (Adel et al., 2005).
Ethnomedicinal and Pharmacological Importance of Glycyrrhiza glabra L
Published in Mahendra Rai, Shandesh Bhattarai, Chistiane M. Feitosa, Wild Plants, 2020
Ashish K. Bhattarai, Sanjaya M. Dixit
The exact mechanism of the action of Carbenoloxone is still undecided. However, its benefits in treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcers are well established. Carbenoxolone is a compound developed as glycyrrhizate analog, and has shown to be effective in clinical trials in the treatment of gastric ulcer at the medium dose of 100 mg three times a day (Horwich and Galloway 1965, Turpie and Thomson 1965, Fraser et al. 1972, Langman et al. 1973) and duodenal ulcers (Brown et al. 1972, Doll et al. 1968, Montgomery et al. 1968).
Iatrogenesis
Published in Julian Tudor Hart, Hypertension, 2018
Carbenoxolone is an effective treatment for gastric ulcer, but rarely used since the advent of histamine H2 antagonists and antibiotic control of Helicobacter pylori. Like liquorice, from which it is derived, it resembles deoxycorticosterone in its chemical structure and has mineralocorticoid activity. It causes water and sodium retention, and at daily doses of about 300 mg causes a rise of 15–30 mmHg systolic and 3–25 mmHg diastolic pressure.1 Liquorice bingers undergo similar changes.
Gastroprotective activity of (E)-ethyl-12-cyclohexyl-4,5-dihydroxydodec-2-enoate, a compound isolated from Heliotropium indicum: role of nitric oxide, prostaglandins, and sulfhydryls in its mechanism of action
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2022
Yaraset López-Lorenzo, María Elena Sánchez-Mendoza, Daniel Arrieta-Baez, Adriana Guadalupe Perez-Ruiz, Jesús Arrieta
The administration of (E)-ethyl-12-cyclohexyl-4,5-dihydroxydodec-2-enoate (at 3-100 mg/kg, p.o.) produced dose-dependent gastroprotective activity in mice (Figure 3(A)), with an ED50 of 5.92 ± 2.48 mg/kg. The greatest gastroprotection was exhibited by the 100 mg/kg dose (90.13 ± 3.08%), followed by 30 mg/kg (75.32 ± 6.13%), and finally 3 mg/kg (42.00 ± 3.73%). The oral application of carbenoxolone (the reference compound) also inhibited gastric lesions in a dose-dependent manner (Figure 3(B)), reaching the maximum gastroprotective activity at 100 mg/kg (94.28 ± 0.38%), with an ED50 of 19.65 ± 4.38 mg/kg. A lesser effect was generated by 30 mg/kg of carbenoxolone than the same dose of (E)-ethyl-12-cyclohexyl-4,5-dihydroxydodec-2-enoate (51.78 ± 7.99% vs. 75.32 ± 6.13%).
Local ocular renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system: any connection with intraocular pressure? A comprehensive review
Published in Annals of Medicine, 2020
Mervi Holappa, Heikki Vapaatalo, Anu Vaajanen
Mineralocorticoid antagonists (RU 26752 and ZK 91587) seem to mainly affect AH formation rather than drainage [226,227] although MR, HSD1 and HSD2 have been described in the ciliary body as well as in trabecular meshwork (see Table 1). It remains to be resolved whether aldosterone can affect the trabecular meshwork. In most glaucoma patients, the systemic application of mineralocorticoids into the eye does not affect IOP [228]. In some cases, however, the systemic administration of mineralocorticoids may greatly increase IOP [226]. Sodium transport across the ciliary body NPE/PE bi-layer and hence AH formation may be partly regulated by HSD1 activity as oral treatment with an HSD1 inhibitor (carbenoxolone) reduced IOP by 17.5% [124]. In a randomized, placebo-controlled study, orally administered carbenoxolone reduced IOP by 10% in patients with ocular hypertension [123].
Therapeutic potential of glycyrrhetinic acids: a patent review (2010-2017)
Published in Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents, 2018
Hidayat Hussain, Ivan R. Green, Umair Shamraiz, Muhammad Saleem, Amin Badshah, Ghulam Abbas, Najeeb Ur Rehman, Muhammad Irshad
Glycyrrhetinic acid analog viz., carbenoxolone sodium, is clinically used in the treatment of gastric ulcers [49,50]. Another GA analog, glycyrrhenate (GA sodium salt), is employed as an antiinflammatory drug which is particularly effective in atherosclerosis cases [49,105]. Further, clinical trials clearly demonstrated that glycrrhetinic acid has a good effect on chronic Hepatitis B [106], dermatitis [25,107], and purulent scar disease [107,108]. In addition, preclinical tests on GA anlogs demonstrated that they can employed to treat inflammation [49] and some skin diseases [109]. Furthermore, based on preclinical studies of GA derivatives, these can be used as antisclerotie and hypolipidemie remedies [110].