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Ulcers—Peptic/Gastroduodenal
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
If stomach acid burns through the protective mucus layer in the stomach, this causes the erosions or sores in the lining of the stomach and upper small intestine known as peptic ulcers. Peptic ulcers include gastric and duodenal ulcers. Peptic ulcers can be present even if there are no symptoms or if symptoms are mild, but can cause significant problems if left untreated. A dull, biting, gnawing, or burning pain in the upper abdomen is the most common symptom of a peptic ulcer. Additional symptoms may be bloating, gas, indigestion, and nausea. Abdominal pain is often worse at night or in between meals when the stomach is empty. The pain can often be briefly ameliorated by eating or taking antacids. Peptic ulcers can lead to internal bleeding. The most common causes of peptic ulcers are Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection, excess stomach acid, and long-term use of aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs, e.g., Motrin, Advil, Aleve, etc.). The goals of therapy are to: (1) resolve symptoms; (2) reduce acid secretion; (3) promote epithelial healing; (4) prevent ulcer-related complications; and (5) prevent ulcer recurrence.
Fucoidan
Published in Se-Kwon Kim, Marine Biochemistry, 2023
Ellya Sinurat, Dina Fransiska, Nurhayati, Hari Eko Irianto
Gastric ulcers and duodenal ulcers are the two most prevalent forms of peptic ulcers. These designations indicate the location of the ulcer. Gastric ulcers are ulcers that form in the stomach. The duodenum, which is the initial segment of the small intestine, is where duodenal ulcers occur. Gastric and duodenal ulcers may occur at the same time in an individual. The presence of acid and peptic activity in gastric juice and the deterioration of mucosal defenses are factors in peptic ulcers formation. The stomach and the first few millimeters of the duodenum are the most prevalent sites for ulcers. Acute peptic ulcers affect tissues down to the submucosa, and lesions can be single or numerous. The epithelium and muscular layers of the stomach wall are both penetrated by chronic peptic ulcers (Rambhai & Sisodia, 2018).
Gastrointestinal Diseases
Published in Miriam Orcutt, Clare Shortall, Sarah Walpole, Aula Abbara, Sylvia Garry, Rita Issa, Alimuddin Zumla, Ibrahim Abubakar, Handbook of Refugee Health, 2021
Peptic ulcer disease can involve the stomach or duodenum and lead to major complications of bleeding, perforation and obstruction. Risk factors include age >65 years of age, H. pylori infection, aspirin and NSAIDs, tobacco and/or alcohol use as well as comorbidities or their treatment (e.g. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and glucocorticoid use).
Gastroprotective activity of (E)-ethyl-12-cyclohexyl-4,5-dihydroxydodec-2-enoate, a compound isolated from Heliotropium indicum: role of nitric oxide, prostaglandins, and sulfhydryls in its mechanism of action
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2022
Yaraset López-Lorenzo, María Elena Sánchez-Mendoza, Daniel Arrieta-Baez, Adriana Guadalupe Perez-Ruiz, Jesús Arrieta
As can be appreciated, it is necessary to seek alternative treatments for peptic ulcers. Medicinal plants are one of the principal sources of new compounds with therapeutic activity (Torres-Rodríguez et al. 2016). Heliotropium indicum L. (Boraginaceae) is a traditional medicinal plant that contains tannins, saponins, steroids, oils, and glycosides, and has been employed to clean and heal wounds, alleviate fever, relieve eye infections, and treat menstrual problems, nervous disorders, kidney disease, and ulcers (Adelaja et al. 2008; Nethaji et al. 2013). Since the key compounds responsible for the gastroprotection activity of the plant have not yet been identified, the aim of the current contribution was to isolate, through a bioassay-guided study, at least one such compound, evaluate it with ethanol-induced gastric lesions in mice, and explore the possible participation of prostaglandins, NO, and sulfhydryl groups in its mechanism of action.
Manilkara hexandra (Roxb.) Dubard Ameliorates Acetic Acid-induced Rat Gastric Ulcer
Published in Journal of Dietary Supplements, 2021
Debapriya Garabadu, Sonia Singh, Tancha Gautam
Gastric ulcer is considered as one of the prevailing global health hazard. The prevalence of this epidemic is higher in aged and lower socio-economic class of individuals. The diagnostic reports suggest a mucosal lesion at stomach in peptic ulcer (Nesello et al. 2017). The pathophysiological reports indicate an imbalance between offensive (bile, pepsin, acid, Helicobacter pylori, alcohol, stress and permanent uses of NSAIDS drugs (Satyanarayana 2006; Safavi et al. 2016) and defensive (bicarbonate, blood flow, prostaglandins, cell proliferation, and sulphahydryl compounds) factors during gastric ulcer (Batista et al. 2015). Further studies revealed that in the genesis of gastric ulcer involve several predisposing factors such as stress, smoking and improper diet (Vimala and Gricilda 2014). The pharmacotherapy of gastric ulcer includes drugs such as proton pump inhibitors, anti-cholinergics, antacid and H2 receptor antagonists (Thomson and Mahachai 1987). However, their uses are limited because of unwanted side effects such as cardiac arrest and hepatic dysfunction (Thomson and Mahachai 1987; Sanders 1996). Hence, alternative and complementary medicines need to be developed in the management of gastric ulcer. Traditionally, there are several plants used in the management of gastric ulcer and phyto-constituents have been reported as beneficial candidate in the attenuation of gastric ulcer in both clinical and preclinical studies with lesser side effects. Therefore, a novel herbal medicine could be a better therapeutic option in the management of gastric ulcer.
Gastric Ulcers, from Psychosomatic Disease to Infection
Published in Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 2020
The Sippy diet consisted of an ounce of milk and cream alternated with an ounce of something like Maalox (sodium bicarbonate and calcium carbonate) every hour supported by total bedrest (at least 2 weeks) and gastric lavage—emptying the stomach with an Ewald tube and titration of acid (Franklin, 2005). Our nursing care involved delivering the ounce of liquid each hour, making sure that the ward was quiet and shaded (non-stimulating), and preventing bedsores. Accompanying this was our classroom instruction on the origin of ulcers and how they were to be treated. Ulcers were considered a psychosomatic disease. Theoreticians and clinicians attributed peptic ulcers to lifestyle choices—consuming a diet rich in spicy foods and an inability to properly manage emotional and personal stress. It even was suggested that peptic ulcers appeared in families with dominant and obsessional mothers. Clinicians thought that these lifestyle factors resulted in an overproduction of gastric acid, leading to the formation of ulcers. Our nutrition teacher explained that treatment for peptic ulcers involved adopting a bland diet, bed rest, and taking medications that blocked new acid production and neutralized existing acid. (In those days part of our responsibilities as nursing students was to provide nutritional information to patients and to deliver the food trays as they came up from a central kitchen. I can remember our nutrition teacher telling us that “if your patients complain that their food is cold, tell them it is not cold; it is room temperature.”) I digress.