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Extraction and Therapeutic Potential of Essential Oils: A Review
Published in Megh R. Goyal, Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria, Ademola Olabode Ayeleso, T. Jesse Joel, Sujogya Kumar Panda, The Therapeutic Properties of Medicinal Plants, 2019
Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus L.) is resultant from the Greek words ‘kymbhe,’ which means boat; and ‘pogon,’ which means beard. The oil is a yellow or amber color liquid, which is extracted from the air-dried leaves by distillation. It contains about 75–85% of aldehydes, mainly citral (65–85%) (Table 4.1) and linalool, citronellol, geraniol, myrcene [53]. It is used in the manufacturing of cosmetics, dermal care products, and tonics. Lemongrass oil mixed with geranium or bergamot oil is an effective air freshener and deodorizer.
Lemongrass
Published in Mehwish Iqbal, Complementary and Alternative Medicinal Approaches for Enhancing Immunity, 2023
Lemongrass or Cymbopogon citratus is frequently consumed in curries, soups and teas. It is also appropriate for seafood, fish and poultry (Shah et al., 2011). Lemongrass is so-called because of its characteristic citrus fragrance in the leaves, especially when they are pulverised. It is also recognised as ‘citronella' or ‘squinant' in English, with other familiar names all over the world (Haque et al., 2018). The pleasing fragrance of lemon from this grass has extensively been utilised in associated cosmetics, food industries and perfumery (Ranade & Thiagarajan, 2015). Primarily, lemongrass was utilised to add some flavours to the Vietnamese and Thai cuisines. It has been consumed in regions of South America and Africa for adding flavours to the tea. It is also famous for non-alcoholic and alcoholic drinks (Preedy, 2016). Furthermore, it has been used traditionally in Ayurveda as an anti-inflammatory, diuretic, tranquilliser and antipyretic medicine (Carlini et al., 1986; Haque et al., 2018). There are several examples of the lemongrass application in different health remedies by diverse ethnic groups. Tea prepared from leaves of lemongrass is consumed principally as an anti-inflammatory, sedative, antispasmodic, analgesic, diuretic and antipyretic blend in Brazil (Leite et al., 1986; Souza Formigoni et al., 1986). In Cuba, it is utilised for reducing blood pressure and managing rheumatism and catarrh, as well as to manage the empacho (difficulty in food digestion because of overeating certain foods) and sore throat in Argentina (Carbajal et al., 1989; Filipov, 1994). Moreover, numerous biological activities of Cymbopogon citratus have been documented for many years, including but not limited to antirheumatic, antifungal, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, antiseptic, antiprotozoal, antitussive, antirheumatic and anticarcinogenic activities (Ekenyong et al., 2015) (Table 18.2).
Lemongrass essential oil and its components cause effects on survival, locomotion, ingestion, and histological changes of the midgut in Anticarsia gemmatalis caterpillars
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2022
Angelica Plata-Rueda, Muhammad Fiaz, Bruno Pandelo Brügger, Veronica Cañas, Rogerio Pereira Coelho, José Cola Zanuncio, Luis Carlos Martínez, José Eduardo Serrão
EOs with active components that synergically act against insects can be obtained from different species, including lemongrass [Cymbopogon citratus Linnaeus (Poales: Poaceae)] essential oil (LEO) used to control Dinoderus porcellus Lesne (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) (Loko et al. 2020), Megalurothrips sjostedti Trybom (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) (Diabate et al. 2019), and Phthorimaea operculella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (Jovanović et al. 2020). LEO is rich in terpenoids, which at low doses are toxic for insects, causing repellency and reducing respiratory rate in Podisus nigrispinus Dallas (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), Sitophilus granarius Linnaeus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), and Ulomoides dermestoides Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) (Brügger et al. 2019, Plata-Rueda et al. 2020a, 2020b).
Citral presents cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in human cultured cells
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2020
Ana C. S. Souza, Laís K. Silva, Thais B. Queiroz, Eduardo S. Marques, Clélia A. Hiruma-Lima, Isabel O. M. Gaivão, Edson L. Maistro
Citral (3,7-dimethyl-2,6 octadienal), a mixture of two isomers (cis-isomer neral and trans-isomer geranial), is a monoterpene aldehyde widely used as an aromatic supplement for cosmetics and food industry because of its pleasant lemon scent and flavor (Opdyke 1979; Choi et al.2010). It is the major constituent (65–85%) of the lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) leaves oil (Saddiq and Khayyat 2010). This plant is popularly used in tropical and subtropical regions, especially in Brazil, as a spasmolytic, analgesic, antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, diuretic, and tranquilizer (Ferreira 1984; Carbajal et al.1989; Boukhatem et al.2014; Costa et al.2016). Hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic (Adeneye and Agbaje 2007), anti-Leishmania (Machado et al.2012), antifungal (Boukhatem et al.2014), antitumor, immunomodulatory (Bao et al.2015) and gastroprotective activities were also reported (Sagradas et al.2015). A large part of the pharmacological activities of this plant is attributed to the presence of citral.
Protective effects of some Nigerian indigenous antimalarial plants on placental malaria related pathological damages and pregnancy outcomes in murine model
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2020
Ayodele S. Babalola, Olufunmilayo A. Idowu, Kehinde O. Ademolu, J. Olukunle, A. Rahman Samson
The extracts of Morinda lucida at 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg body weight produced a day 1 chemosuppression of 10.34 ± 0.01%, 10.42 ± 0.03%, and 16.05 ± 1.15%, respectively, which is significantly higher than that of Enatia chlorantha with chemosuppression of 2.94 ± 0.01%, 5.08 ± 1.15% and 10.34 ± 0.01% at 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg body weight, respectively. On the other hand, the least percentage chemosuppression were recorded in mice treated with Cymbopogon citratus plant extracts. There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in day 1 percentage chemosupression of mice treated with C. citratus at varying concentrations. A percentage chemosupression of 0.17 ± 0.17%, 1.92 ± 0.03% and 1.85 ± 0.01% were recorded in mice treated with 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg body weight of C. citratus extract, respectively (Table 3).