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Monographs of fragrance chemicals and extracts that have caused contact allergy / allergic contact dermatitis
Published in Anton C. de Groot, Monographs in Contact Allergy, 2021
Patch testing with a dilution series of oxidized linalool was also performed. All 5 reacted to a concentration of 5%, 4/5 to 2%, 4/5 to 0.7%, 2/5 to 0.2% and 1/5 to 0.07% oxidized linalool. It was concluded that ‘Repeated exposure to low concentrations of oxidized linalool can elicit allergic contact dermatitis in previously sensitized individuals’. The authors admit, however, that ‘The actual concentrations of linalool used in different consumer products are not well described’ (70). However, they appear to be very low (66).
Influence of Air on Essential Oil Constituents
Published in K. Hüsnü Can Başer, Gerhard Buchbauer, Handbook of Essential Oils, 2020
Darija Gajić, Gerhard Buchbauer
Linalool is a natural ingredient of numerous essential oils extracted from herbs, leaves, flowers, or wood, including oils of rosewood, petit-grain, linaloe seed, bergamot, and jasmine (Sköld et al., 2002). It is also one of the most important constituents of lavender oil, with a maximum concentration range around 40% (Hagvall et al., 2008). The fragrance chemical industry uses linalool as one of the key odorant ingredients in cosmetics and other scented products such as domestic and occupational products, owing to its fresh flowery odor and low cost production (Rastogi et al., 1998a; Rastogi et al., 2001). It is mainly of synthetic origin. Nowadays, linalool is highly valued as a fragrant molecule with significant therapeutic abilities due to its remarkable potential of combining versatility of floral odor and the multifaceted biological profile (Aprotosoaie et al., 2014).
Cannabis Pharmacology
Published in Betty Wedman-St Louis, Cannabis as Medicine, 2019
Caryophyllene is an impressive analgesic and anti-inflammatory that also exerts an anti-addictive effect for opioids and other agents. Alpha-pinene attenuates or even eliminates short-term memory impairment from THC. Limonene is a powerful anti-depressant and immune-stimulator. Linalool is an anti-anxiety and anticonvulsant agent. These are just a few examples.
A monoterpene antioxidant, linalool, mitigates benzene-induced oxidative toxicities on hematology and liver of male rats
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2021
Olaniyi Solomon Ola, Temitope Ayooluwa Sofolahan
Linalool is a natural small molecule monoterpene with strong activity against different solid tumors such as renal cell adenocarcinoma cells, HepG2, and MCF-7 cells [17–19]. It exist as two scent racemic forms; 3 R-(-)-linalool (licareol) and 3S-(+)-linalool (coriandrol) as shown in Figure 1 which are main component of essential oil of Lavandula officinalis and Coriandrum sativum seeds, respectively, [20]. Pharmacologically, linalool possesses sedative, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antitumor properties [20,21]. Linalool was reported to possess strong anti-leukemic activities and induce cell cycle arrest and/or apoptosis in leukemia [22–24]. Linalool has been found to offer hepatoprotective potential against carbon tetrachloride toxicity and exert regression of hepatocarcinogenesis induced by diethylnitrosamine and 2-acetylaminofluorine in rats [25,26]. In consonant with anti-leukemic and hepatoprotective potential of linalool, the present work, therefore, investigated the hepatoprotective effect of linalool in benzene-induced leukocytosis examining the biomarkers of oxidative stress in liver and blood Figure 2.
Linalool loaded on glutathione-modified gold nanoparticles: a drug delivery system for a successful antimicrobial therapy
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2018
Majid S. Jabir, Ali A. Taha, Usama I. Sahib
The investigation of the cytotoxic potential of Linalool, GNPs and LIN-GNPs on amastigote phase of Leishmania tropica has been done. As shown in Figure 14, the Linalool with 10 µg/mL present slightly inhibiting effects that the cytotoxicity rate reached to 24.5%. Furthermore, GNPs with concentration 10 µg/mL showed moderate inhibitory effect on the L. tropica growth that the cytotoxicity ratio was 38.5%. Whereas, LIN-GNPs with concentration 10 µg/mL displayed highly effective on the parasite that the cytotoxicity rate reached to 72.4% for LIN-GNPs. The results demonstrated that LIN-GNPs had inhibitory effects on amastigote forms of Leishmania parasites. Several mechanisms have been proposed that can kill parasite or vector by nanoparticles [42]. Nanoparticles able to induce production of reactive oxygen species inside the cell, which destroy pathogenic microbes by a process called respiratory burst [43].
Composition and chemical health hazards of the most common electronic cigarette liquids in nine European countries
Published in Inhalation Toxicology, 2018
Charis Girvalaki, Manolis Tzatzarakis, Christina N. Kyriakos, Alexander I. Vardavas, Polychronis D. Stivaktakis, Matthaios Kavvalakis, Aristidis Tsatsakis, Constantine Vardavas
Table 3 presents the total number of the compounds detected among e-liquids analyzed by flavor. The 171 different compounds were in total detected 750 times in the analyzed e-liquids. Among the 171 different compounds, most were attributable to fruits flavor (n = 293), followed by tobacco flavor (204), nonalcoholic drinks (n = 64), desserts – sweets (n = 50), menthol – mint (n = 42) and alcohol (n = 39). Of the detected compounds, menthol was the most frequently detected compound overall (n = 48 times in total) and was present in all flavor samples and occurring most frequently in tobacco flavor (n = 17). This compound according to the GHS hazard classification is a strong irritant to skin and eyes. Additionally, ethyl maltol was detected 44 times in total, across all flavor groups, however at a higher frequency, in tobacco and fruit flavor samples. Ethyl maltol is known for its acute toxicity and is harmful if swallowed. Finally, linalool was detected 38 times in total in all flavors, 19 of which were in fruits flavor. Linalool can skin irritation, serious eye irritation and may cause an allergic skin reaction according to the GHS hazard classification and as seen in Table 3.