Cycloserine

Cycloserine and Terizidone

Published in M. Lindsay Grayson, Sara E. Cosgrove, Suzanne M. Crowe, M. Lindsay Grayson, William Hope, James S. McCarthy, John Mills, Johan W. Mouton, David L. Paterson, Kucers’ The Use of Antibiotics, 2017

Paul D. R. Johnson

Cycloserine was once considered to be a promising antibiotic for urinary tract infection (Arnold and Fahlberg, 1965; Atkins et al., 1965; Boand et al., 1955; Fairbrother and Garrett, 1960; Herrold et al., 1955; Hughes et al., 1958; Kubik and Datta, 1961; Landes et al., 1960; Murdoch et al., 1959) and is still used as a reserve antibiotic for this indication (Kaltenis, 1986; Kugathasan et al., 2014). In one early report, four women with complicated Gram-negative urinary tract infections responded completely to cycloserine 250 mg three times daily for 14 days without side effects. A fifth patient in this study, who had mild renal impairment, developed reversible neurologic side effects and took longer to clear her infection. This was linked to lower urinary and higher serum levels of cycloserine than in the other four subjects who had normal renal function (Murdoch et al., 1959).

Psychiatric Emergencies Associated with Drug Overdose

Published in R. Thara, Lakshmi Vijayakumar, Emergencies in Psychiatry in Low- and Middle-Income Countries, 2017

S. Haque Nizamie, Sai Krishna Tikka, Nishant Goyal

Overdose of another antitubercular drug, rifampicin, is also known to cause toxic psychosis (Salafia and Candida 1992). Only rare instances of ethambutol-related psychosis have been reported. The symptomatology is similar to that of isoniazid psychosis and the mechanism is not known (Prasad, Garg and Verma 2008). An overdose of cycloserine, too, causes excitement, anxiety, aggression, confusion, depression, suicidal ideation, and psychosis, along with seizures (Lawrence Flick Memorial Tuberculosis Clinic 1998).

Published in Ronald M. Atlas, James W. Snyder, Handbook Of Media for Clinical Microbiology, 2006

Ronald M. Atlas, James W. Snyder

Use: For the isolation and enumeration of the vegetative and spore forms of Clostridium perfringens. D-Cycloserine inhibits the accompanying bacterial flora and causes the colonies which develop to remain smaller. 4-Methylumbelliferyl-phosphate (MUP) is a fluorogenic substrate for the alkaline and acid phos-phatase. The acid phosphatase is a highly specific indicator for C. perfringens. The acid phosphatase splits the fluorogenic substrate MUP forming 4-me-thylumbelliferone which can be identified as it fluorescence in long wave UV light. Thus a strong suggestion for the presence of C. perfringens can be obtained. The acid phosphatase splits the fluorogenic substrate MUP forming 4-methylumbelliferone which can be identified as it fluorescence in long wave UV light, providing a strong suggestion for the presence of Clostridium perfringens.

Therapeutic strategies for social anxiety disorder: where are we now?

Published in Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 2019

Antoine Pelissolo, Sandra Abou Kassm, Lauriane Delhay

The main question to be answered in the upcoming years should be that of the benefit of combining psychotherapy to pharmacotherapy. Beyond the traditional drugs used for the severe forms of SAD and in the absence of upcoming development of new pharmacological classes, the use of molecules with the potential to increase CBT efficacy can lead to major progress in resistant or difficult cases. Adjunctive use of D-cycloserine during therapy sessions has yielded disappointing results. However, oxytocin and pherines (e.g. PH94B) are new promising treatments which could be administered punctually during sessions of exposure or before a feared situation. We can also speculate that this pharmaco-psychotherapy could be put to use in the context of virtual reality therapy or attention bias modification treatment, in the event of future developments and optimization of these treatments.

The pharmacotherapeutic management of pulmonary tuberculosis: an update of the state-of-the-art

Published in Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 2022

Ginenus Fekadu, Dilys Yan-wing Chow, Joyce H.S. You

Cycloserine (terizidone is composed of two cycloserine molecules) is anti-TB agent discovered in the 1950s. Neuropsychiatric toxicity, especially psychosis and seizures, occurred in 38% of patients [43]. The 2018 meta-analysis of individual patient data for longer MDR-TB regimens found significant association between cycloserine (or terizidone) and reduced risk of unfavorable outcomes (treatment failure/relapse) versus successful treatment (number treated by cycloserine or terizidone = 5,483) (adjusted OR 0.6; 95%CI 0.4–0.9), and death versus treatment success (number treated by cycloserine or terizidone = 6,160) (adjusted OR 0.6; 95%CI 0.5–0.8). The median absolute risk of serious adverse event for cycloserine or terizidone was 7.8% [10].

Selective drug deposition in lungs through pulmonary drug delivery system for effective management of drug-resistant TB

Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2019

Kaksha Sankhe, Tabassum Khan, Chintan Bhavsar, Munira Momin, Abdelwahab Omri

This class of drugs act via the inhibition of protein synthesis that binds to RNA with a complementary codon and prevents its translation. Cycloserine was the first oxazolidinone used in TB. Sutezolid (PNU-100480) showed potent activity in murine model and the results of Phase I study indicated it to be safe and well tolerated. Phase II randomized open-label study of sutezolid indicated it to have significant EBA and safety. Another oxazolidinone AZD-5847 is currently in Phase 2 randomized open-label trial [36,37].