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Plant-Based Adjunct Therapy for Tuberculosis
Published in Namrita Lall, Medicinal Plants for Cosmetics, Health and Diseases, 2022
Lydia Gibango, Anna-Mari Reid, Jonathan L. Seaman, Namrita Lall
Prescribed tuberculosis treatment (Table 14.1) aims to cure, minimize disease transmission and prevent further complications, morbidity and mortality. For the prescribed medication to be effective, it should be able to reduce the bacterial load rapidly, prevent the selection of naturally resistant strains and be capable of sterilizing the lesion. Combinational therapy with several drugs is used to ensure all these requirements and aims are met (Sotgiu et al., 2016).
Tuberculosis
Published in Dinesh Kumar Jain, Homeopathy, 2022
Supporters of Ayurveda, homeopathy, and other nonscientific methods of treatment are actually responsible for many deaths of noneducated citizens specially villagers. Poor people and people from villages take Ayurveda and homeopathy and suffer a lot. Many people die or become disabled. Preventable diseases are spreading dangerously in India. I know many people who were taking Ayurvedic or homeopathic treatment for tuberculosis ultimately died. Many people first take medical treatment for one or two months, then start homeopathy or Ayurveda. Tuberculosis treatment should be taken 6–12 months continuously for complete treatment. Otherwise, the tuberculosis of these patients becomes resistant, and then it is not possible to treat them. Such foolishness is responsible for spreading many diseases like malaria and tuberculosis. “The emergence of drug resistant strains of microorganisms or parasites is promoted by treatments that do not result in cure” (Park, 1997, p. 265).
Respiratory Diseases
Published in Vincenzo Berghella, Maternal-Fetal Evidence Based Guidelines, 2022
Aref T. Senno, Ryan K. Brannon
Tuberculosis treatment is not altered by pregnancy. Although latent TB treatment may be deferred to the postpartum period, there is no defensible argument for deferring treatment of active disease during pregnancy. Pregnant women who are untreated pose an infection risk to the population at large as well as to their own infants. To guide treatment, sputum samples for smear microscopy and culture should be obtained at monthly intervals until two consecutive negative months are observed.
A drift on liposomes to proliposomes: recent advances and promising approaches
Published in Journal of Liposome Research, 2022
Neha Dhiman, Jayrajsinh Sarvaiya, Poorti Mohindroo
Rojanarat et al. developed a dry powder of Isoniazid (INH) that has to be delivered as aerosols and identified the encapsulation efficiency (EE) about 18–30%. The research group added that a high INH content resulted in low EE while a low INH loading contributed to high EE. They have added that incorporation of INH into mannitol could be beneficial because the INH: mannitol ratios of 1:9 were giving better results. The efficacy of INH-PLs was significantly higher against alveolar macrophages (AMs) that were infected with M. bovis than that of the free drug; INH (p < 0.05). The formulation was assessed as non-toxic toward respiratory-associated cells (AMs) at a concentration of <2.5 mg/mL (Rojanarat et al.2011). Hence it can serve as alternative potential candidates for tuberculosis treatment.
Association of ABCG2 polymorphisms with susceptibility to anti-tuberculosis drug-induced hepatotoxicity in the Chinese population
Published in Xenobiotica, 2022
Nannan Wang, Xinyu Chen, Zhuolu Hao, Honggang Yi, Shaowen Tang
Tuberculosis is a global disease, found in every country in the world and remains a major public health issue. In 2020, an estimated 9.9 million people fell ill with tuberculosis globally (Hasan et al. 2021). Tuberculosis is curable and preventable, and approximately 85% of tuberculosis patients can be successfully treated with standard anti-tuberculosis treatment of daily isoniazid (INH), rifampin (RMP), pyrazinamide (PZA), and ethambutol (EMB) in the first two months, and daily INH and RMP for the subsequent four months (Ben Amar et al. 2015). However, long-term with multiple drugs may lead to different adverse events, which could result in discontinued or interrupted treatment, increased risks of drug resistance, extended treatment course, treatment failure, relapse, and even death (Castro et al. 2015). One of the common adverse events is anti-tuberculosis drug-induced hepatotoxicity (ATDH) (Tostmann et al. 2008). The incidence of ATDH during standard multidrug treatment has been reported between 2 and 28% (Tostmann et al. 2008), which varies widely depending upon the characteristics of the study, drug regimens involved, and threshold used to define hepatotoxicity. Although the overall incidence of ATDH may be decreasing, it still remains a medical issue not to be underestimated (Ramappa and Aithal 2013).
Treatment of spinal tuberculosis in rabbits using bovine serum albumin nanoparticles loaded with isoniazid and rifampicin
Published in Neurological Research, 2022
Rong Ma, Jianqun Zhang, Zhen Chen, He Ma, Xiaoyin Liu, Simin Liang, Peng Wu, Zhaohui Ge
Anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy is the foundation and core of tuberculosis treatment. However, the commonly used anti-tuberculosis drugs are associated with many adverse effects, including liver, kidney, and nervous system damage. Due to the long treatment period of conventional anti-tuberculosis drugs and their short half-life, patient compliance is poor, which is likely to cause treatment failure. Based on this, we used modern nanotechnology to successfully construct intravenous isoniazid (Isoniazid, INH) and rifampicin (Rifampicin, RFP) bovine albumin nanoparticles [1]. The drug-loaded nanoparticles have a small particle size, with an average of 60.5 ± 4.6 nm. The in vitro drug release studies and rabbit in vivo pharmacokinetic studies [2] revealed that the prepared INH and RFP bovine albumin nanoparticles have good in vitro properties. Due to the slow-release characteristics of anti-tuberculosis drugs in the body, these nanoparticles also have the advantages of strong bone tissue targeting abilities and long sustained-release time. To investigate the efficacy of INH and RFP bovine albumin nanoparticles, we established a New Zealand white rabbit spinal tuberculosis model, used the drug-loaded nanoparticles to treat the model and observed its efficacy.