China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Pyridoxine
Published in Anton C. de Groot, Monographs in Contact Allergy, 2021
Pyridoxine is the 4-methanol form of vitamin Bs, an important water-soluble vitamin that is naturally present in many foods. As its classification as a vitamin implies, vitamin B6 (and pyridoxine) are essential nutrients required for normal functioning of many biological systems within the body. Pyridoxine is converted to pyridoxal phosphate, which is a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, and aminolevulinic acid. Although pyridoxine and vitamin Bs are frequently used as synonyms, this practice is, according to some sources, erroneous (ChemIDPlus). In this database, it is stated that vitamin B6 refers to several picolines, especially pyridoxine, pyridoxal and pyridoxamine. Pyridoxine is indicated for the treatment of vitamin B6 deficiency and for the prophylaxis of isoniazid-induced peripheral neuropathy. In pharmaceutical products, pyridoxine is employed as pyridoxine hydrochloride (CAS number 58-56-0, EC number 200-386-2, molecular formula C8H12CINO3) (1).
Study of Nutraceuticals in Cancer Treatment: An In Silico Approach
Published in Raj K. Keservani, Anil K. Sharma, Rajesh K. Kesharwani, Nutraceuticals and Dietary Supplements, 2020
Pyridoxal phosphate or vitamin B6 is found most abundantly in bread, cereals, grains, chicken, and fruits such as orange, tomato juice, banana, and avocado. Dietary vitamin B6 reduces colon tumorigenesis by reducing cell proliferation, oxidative stress, NO production, and angiogenesis (Komatsu et al., 2003). Structures of pyridoxal phosphate and its drug-centered gene interaction network that target genes in cancer are shown in Figure 6.6. Pyridoxal phosphate (Drug bank ID DB00114) interacted with several genes, as shown in Table 6.8.
Disorders of vitamin B6 metabolism
Published in William L. Nyhan, Georg F. Hoffmann, Aida I. Al-Aqeel, Bruce A. Barshop, Atlas of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, 2020
Successful treatment of pyridoxal-phosphate dependent epilepsy is achieved with doses of 10–80 mg PLP per kilogram of body weight per day in four to five doses [4, 7, 34]. Doses need to be increased and adjusted to body weight during growth. Hepatotoxicity is a possible dose-dependent side effect. Patients require lifelong supplementation. Obvious criteria to increase the doses are breakthrough seizures. Pyridoxine and folinic acid are further options to consider in case of suboptimal response.
Chromosomal microarray and exome sequencing in unexplained early infantile epileptic encephalopathies in a highly consanguineous population
Published in International Journal of Neuroscience, 2023
Dilsad Turkdogan, Ayberk Turkyilmaz, Gunes Sager, Gulten Ozturk, Olcay Unver, Merve Say
Patient #8 with a de novo likely pathogenic variant of SLC16A2 associated with Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome (OMIM: #300523) shared reported features, including generalized hypotonia, attacks of severe generalized dystonia and dysconjugate eye movements, and abnormalities of thyroid tests, except dsymorphisms and cerebral white matter abnormalities. The posture abnormality and eye movements dramatically resolved after pyridoxal phosphate treatment. Epilepsy/EIEE has not been reported in Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome so far. The present case also had maternal monoallelic variant of DMN1 associated with EIEE 31 (OMIM: #616346). This novel variant was described as likely pathogenic by ACMG criteria and disease causing or damaging by prediction tools. Although we are unaware of data on penetrance rate of DMN1, the possible effect of the variant on epilepsy phenotype could not be completely eliminated.
Interference of altered plasma trace elements profile with hyperhomocysteinemia and oxidative stress damage to insulin secretion dysfunction in Psammomys obesus: focus on the selenium
Published in Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, 2023
Asma Bouazza, Eric Fontaine, Xavier Leverve, Elhadj-Ahmed Koceir
Plasma total vitamin B12 (cobalamin) levels were analysed using a commercially available solid-phase radioimmunoassay kit (MP Biomedicals, Diagnostic Division, New York, NY) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Plasma vitamin B9 (total folic acid) was determined by RIA (KFSP, folate; Diagnostic Products, Los Angeles, CA). Plasma vitamin B6 (total pyridoxal and pyridoxal phosphate) concentration was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (Thermo Finnigan Spectra Systems HPLC, Carlsbad, MA). Plasma TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β (Cat No. 589201, Cat No. 58331, and Cat No. 583361, respectively) were determined using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) according to the manufacturers’ instructions (Cayman Chemical’s ACETM EIA kit). The hepatic content in triglycerides, esterified cholesterol, and free cholesterol was carried out by a sequential quantitative method (Folch et al. 1957), and they were gravimetrically measured.
Vitamin B6 deficiency as a cause of polyneuropathy in POEMS syndrome: rapid recovery with supplementation in two cases
Published in Hematology, 2022
Hajime Yasuda, Yoshiki Furukawa, Kenya Nishioka, Makoto Sasaki, Yutaka Tsukune, Shuichi Shirane, Nobutaka Hattori, Miki Ando, Norio Komatsu
Case 1 is a 50-year-old man presenting with polyneuropathy, hyperpigmentation, edema, hypertrichosis, IgA-lambda type M-protein, and an elevated serum VEGF of 9470 pg/mL (normal range: 62–707 pg/mL). CT scans revealed an isolated thoracic spine sclerotic bone lesion (T9) and splenomegaly. POEMS syndrome was diagnosed, and because bone marrow evaluation revealed no clonal plasma cell proliferation, radiation therapy of 40Gy to the T9 bone lesion was carried out. However, no improvements in serum VEGF levels and clinical symptoms (polyneuropathy, hyperpigmentation, edema, hypertrichosis) were observed, and thus thalidomide-dexamethasone therapy was initiated in August 2018. Nearly a year of thalidomide-dexamethasone therapy led to a significant decrease of serum VEGF levels, but again the clinical symptoms did not improve. ASCT with melphalan 200 mg/m2 conditioning was carried out in April 2019. Subsequently, we discovered that serum VB6 levels were undetectably low at <2.0 ng/mL (normal values: 6.0–40.0 ng/mL for males, commercially analyzed by SRL Inc., Tokyo, Japan, as reported previously [6]) (Figure 1). Supplementation with 60 mg/day of pyridoxal phosphate hydrate (PPH) was initiated, and polyneuropathy began to rapidly improve after 1 week of administration, and within 6 weeks, he became walker-free and could walk unaided with a cane. During these 6 weeks, hyperpigmentation was also almost completely resolved.