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Micronutrients
Published in Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy, Food and Lifestyle in Health and Disease, 2022
Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy
Vitamin B6 comprises six vitamers with vitamin B6 activity: the alcohol pyridoxine, the aldehyde pyridoxal, the amine pyridoxamine, and their three respective 5’-phosphate esters, namely pyridoxine 5’ phosphate (PXP), pyridoxal 5’ phosphate (PLP) and pyridoxamine 5’ phosphate (PMP) (3, 9, 33–44). The two last compounds are the active coenzyme forms of vitamin B6, and perform a wide variety of functions in the body (44). All vitamers of vitamin B6 are multipurpose; involved in more than 100 enzyme reactions, mostly concerned with protein and amino acid metabolisms (44). PLP is also involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids (3, 9, 33–44). Vitamin B6 also plays a role in cognitive development and brain activity through the biosynthesis of neurotransmitters and in maintaining normal levels of homocysteine, an amino acid in the blood (44). Moreover, vitamin B6 is involved in immune function such as lymphocyte activation and interleukin-2 production, and its deficiency results in an impairment of the immune system (3, 44). It also plays a role in gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis.
Nausea/Vomiting of Pregnancy and Hyperemesis Gravidarum
Published in Vincenzo Berghella, Maternal-Fetal Evidence Based Guidelines, 2022
Vitamin B6 found in prenatal multivitamins (MVI) has been shown to reduce the incidence of n/v [28], and the early use (prior to 6 weeks) of prenatal vitamin was associated with a decreased rate of vomiting [29].
Menstrual Health and Lifestyle Medicine
Published in Michelle Tollefson, Nancy Eriksen, Neha Pathak, Improving Women's Health Across the Lifespan, 2021
Kranti Dasgupta, Madeline Hardacre, Michelle Tollefson
Calcium and vitamin D seem to impact PMS symptoms. High calcium and vitamin D intake from food sources is inversely related to the development of PMS.60 Notably, this preventative effect was not seen with vitamin supplementation. Low calcium and vitamin D levels during the luteal phase were related to an exacerbation of PMS symptoms, whereas supplementation eliminated or reduced symptoms.61–65 Various B vitamins and magnesium have been suggested to have benefit66,67 as supplements or natural food sources. A systematic review of vitamin B6 suggested that daily supplementation is beneficial.68 These studies are generally small with inconsistent findings, and while exact recommendations are scarce, the benefit of a high-quality, nutrient-dense diet has many positive potential side effects.
Vitamin B6 Supplementation Reduces Symptoms of Depression in College Women Taking Oral Contraceptives: A Randomized, Double-Blind Crossover Trial
Published in Journal of Dietary Supplements, 2023
Anne C. Curtin, Carol S. Johnston
At enrollment, PLP concentrations were inversely associated with both BDI-II and total POMS scores (r = −0.228 and −0.659, respectively; p > 0.05) (Figure 4a and b). The change scores for BDI-II and total POMS and for BDI-II and the POMS depression subscale were significantly correlated after 4 weeks of daily vitamin B6 supplementation (r = 0.759, p = 0.029 and r = 0.889, p = 0.003, respectively) (Figure 4c and d). Dietary vitamin B6 intake did not vary significantly over the 12-week trial (measured at weeks 0, 4, 8, and 12) with mean intakes ranging from 1.2 to 1.4 mg/d. Based on the list of 17 common life stressors in college students, participant scores did not vary significantly over the 12-week trial (mean stressor count during the trial ranged from 5 to 7 at weeks 0, 4, 8, and 12; p = 0.444).
Association Between Vitamin B6 and the Risk of Colorectal Cancer: A Meta-analysis of Observational Studies
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2023
Jianxiong Lai, Mingqiao Guo, Dongmei Wang, Kuan Liu, Dengmin Hu, Jian Li
Vitamin B6 is an important component of the B vitamins and is widely found in cereals, meat, fish, poultry, vegetables, and some fruits. Dietary vitamin B6 is absorbed in the intestine and metabolized in the liver to pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP) and subsequently enters the blood, where it serves as a coenzyme for more than 160 different reactions in multiple metabolic pathways (6). For example, vitamin B6 acts as a coenzyme of serine hydroxymethyl transferase in the synthesis of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate (7, 8). Furthermore, vitamin B6 is also a coenzyme of cystathionine β-synthase and cystathionine γ-lyase; the former condenses homocysteine and serine into cystathionine, and the latter converts cystathionine into cysteine (9). As vitamin B6 participates in various metabolic reactions as a coenzyme, it is thought to reduce the susceptibility to colorectal cancer (10).
Mechanisms of action of vitamin B1 (thiamine), B6 (pyridoxine), and B12 (cobalamin) in pain: a narrative review
Published in Nutritional Neuroscience, 2023
A. M. Paez-Hurtado, C. A. Calderon-Ospina, M. O. Nava-Mesa
Each one of these vitamins (vitamin B1, B6, and B12) has individual effects on several pain pathways and metabolic functions. Particularly, vitamin B1 is especially useful due to its function as a cofactor in energetic metabolism and antioxidative properties, and therefore indirectly affecting the synthesis of myelin, nucleic acids, and neurotransmitters, key factors for antinociceptive neural function. On the other hand, vitamin B6 acts as a coenzyme in the synthesis of neurotransmitters such as GABA, dopamine and serotonin, necessary for inhibitory control in the CNS. In addition, it shows a neuroprotective effect given its relation to the glutamatergic system. Finally, vitamin B12 is essential in the synthesis of myelin fundamental for nerve regeneration and therefore could have an important role in neuropathic pain.